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Unit 6
Vocabulary For Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| temperture | a physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses the concepts of hotness and coldness |
| thermometer | an instrument designed to measure temperature, or the degree of hotness and coldness of an object, liquid, or gas |
| thermal energy | the total internal kinetic energy of a substance's atoms and molecules due to their random motion |
| heat | the transfer of thermal energy between physical systems due to a difference in temperature, flowing spontaneously from hotter to colder objects |
| conduction | the transfer of heat or electrical energy directly through a substance or between materials in physical contact, caused by microscopic collisions of particles |
| convection | the transfer of heat through the physical movement of liquids or gases |
| radiation | energy emitted as particles or electromagnetic waves that travels through space or materials |
| solid | one of the fundamental states of matter characterized by particles that are closely packed, locked in place, and vibrate around fixed positions |
| liquid | a fundamental state of matter characterized by having a definite volume but no fixed shape, allowing it to conform to the shape of its container |
| gas | a fundamental state of matter characterized by particles (atoms or molecules) that are widely separated, move rapidly, and have no definite shape or volume |
| melting | a physical process where a solid turns into a liquid due to the addition of heat, which causes its molecules to speed up and break free from their fixed structure. |
| endothermic | a chemical reaction or physical change that absorbs thermal energy (heat) from its surroundings, causing a decrease in the surrounding temperature |
| exothermic | a chemical reaction or physical change that releases energy—usually as heat or light—into its surroundings, causing the temperature to rise |
| condensation | the process where a substance changes from a gas (vapor) into a liquid, typically occurring when the gas cools down, loses energy, and its molecules slow down and come together |
| freezing | the physical process, or phase transition, where a substance changes from a liquid to a solid, usually due to a decrease in temperature below its freezing point. |
| evaporation | a physical process where a substance changes from a liquid state to a gaseous state (vapor) at temperatures below its boiling point |
| boiling | where a liquid turns into a gas (vapor) throughout the liquid, forming bubbles that rise to the surface, occurring at the specific temperature (boiling point) when the liquid's vapor pressure equals the surrounding |
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