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Chem and Chemicals

Chapter 6F chemistry and chemical safety

TermDefinition
Chemistry The science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter, and how matter changed under different conditions.
Matter Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight).
Energy This does not occupy space or have weight,
Element The simplest form of chemical matter.
Atoms The basic unit of matter
Electons Subatomic particles that have a negative charge.
Protons Subatomic particles with a positive charge.
Neutrons Subatomic particles with no charge
Molecules A chemical combination of two or more atoms in a definite (fixed) proportions.
Elemental Molecule A chemical combination of atoms of the same element, in fixed proportions.
Compound molecule A chemical compound of two or more atoms of different elements in fixed proportions.
Physical Change This changes the form without forming a new substance.
Chemical change A change in a substances chemical composition. This will create a new substance with new properties.
Physical Properties Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not involve a chemical change in the substance.
Chemical Properties Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance.
Pure Substance A chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions.
Physical Mixtures Physical combination of matter in any proportion.
Solution A stable, uniform, uniform physical mixture of two or more substances in a solvent.
Solute The dissolved substance in a solution.
Solvent The substance, usually a liquid, which dissolves another substance to form a solution, with no change in chemical composition.
Miscible Liquids Meaning they can be mixed together to form solutions, they are mutually soluble.
Immiscible Not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions.
Suspension Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid.
Emulsion An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances, plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier.
Emulsifier An ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable mixture..
Surfactants Substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify. They are on type of emulsifier.
Hydrophilic Water-loving, or dissolves in water.
Lipophilic Oil- loving, or dissolves in oil.
Oil-in-water Emulsion Oil droplets are emulsified in water, these do not feel as greasy.
Water-in-oil Emulsion Water droplets are emulsified in oil, these feel a bit greasier.
Volatile Alcohols These evaporate easily.
Alkanolamines Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the PH of products.
Ammonia Used to raise the PH, colorless with a pungent or strong odor.
Glycerin A sweet, colorless, oily substance; used as a solvent and a moisturizer.
Silicone A special type of oil used in hair conditioners. They are less greasy than many other oils.
Volatile organic Compounds Compounds that contain carbon and evaporate very easily.
Overexposure This refers to how prolonged, repeated, or long-term exposure to a certain product ingredients can cause sensitivity in some people.
Overexposure Principle Used to describe how overexposure determines toxicity- it is the dose of a substance that determines whether it will have a negative poisonous effect on the body.
pH The abbreviation of potential hydrogen.
ion An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge.
Ionization The separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions.
Anion An ion with a negative charge.
Cation An ion with a positive charge.
Logarithm Means multiples of ten.
Created by: nbloss
 

 



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