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bio

QuestionAnswer
Monomer One small building block of a larger moleculezx
Nucleotide The monomer of DNA made of a phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogen base
Nucleic Acid A macromolecule that stores genetic information (DNA and RNA)
ATCG anine tmine adynine cysto
Complementary Strand A DNA strand formed using base-pairing rules
Antiparallel DNA strands run in opposite directions (5′→3′ and 3′→5′)
Chargaff’s Rule → A = T and C = G in DNA
DNA Replication The process of copying DNA to make two identical DNA molecules
Enzyme A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in cells
Helicase An enzyme that unzips DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds
DNA Polymerase An enzyme that adds complementary nucleotides and proofreads DNA
mRNA (Messenger RNA) Carries genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosome
RNA Polymerase Enzyme that builds mRNA during transcription
Uracil (U) RNA base that replaces thymine
amino acid monomer of protein
Anticodon A three-base sequence on tRNA that matches a codon
Polypeptide A chain of amino acids that forms a protein
Protein Shape The 3D structure of a protein that determines its function
Central Dogma of Biology → DNA → mRNA → Protein
Chromosome A structure made of DNA that carries genes
G1 Phase G1 Phase
S Phase DNA is copied
G2 Phase Cell checks DNA and prepares to divide
M Phase Cell divides through mitosis and cytokinesis
Mitosis Division of the nucleus
Cytokinesis Division of the cytoplasm
Point Mutation → A change in one nucleotide
Frameshift Mutation A mutation that shifts the reading frame of DNA
Created by: user-1880997
 

 



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