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instrumentation
clinical chemistry exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| spectrophotometer | measures light transmitted thru a colored solution, tungsten/UV, prism or diffraction grating |
| turbidimeter | measures light transmitted thru a turbid solution, 180*, lipids, CSF + serum proteins, amylase, UV light source, filter monochromator |
| nephelometer | measures light scattered, lipids, CSF and serum proteins, UV light, filter fluorometer, 90*, most common for Ag-Ab reactions |
| fluorometer | Absorbs high intensity UV and emits longer wavelength visible light (lower energy),affected by temp, viscosity, pH, quenching; drugs, hormones, metabolites, 2 filters (1) primary exciter (2) secondary fluorescence |
| compounds that can fluoresce have | a specific excitation and emission spectra |
| fluorescence occurs _____ seconds after absorption | 10^10 |
| as concentration increases | boiling point and osmotic pressure increases freezing point and vapor pressure decreases |
| stokes shift | difference between peak excitation. and emission |
| deterium | high UV output (continuous spectrum) expensive, shorter life, careful handling |
| tungsten | strong visible light, short life, cheap weak UV |
| spectrophotometer parts | light source --> monochromator --> cuvette --> detector --> readout |
| Potassium ISE | valinomycin |
| sodium ISE | silicate in glass |
| CO2 ISE | severinghaus |
| oxygen ISE | clarke |
| prozone postzone | prozone: excess Ab (think Ab's are pro's) postzone: excess Ag |
| Identity Partial Identity Non Identity | identity: V shape partial: one line overlaps/intersects non identity: X shape |
| reference electrodes used in the lab | calomel and Ag/AgCl |
| Calomel electrode | Hg/HgCl - dependable, large + bulky, affected by temp |
| Ag/AgCl electrode | more compact handles temperature better + faster |
| potentiometry | measures potential difference using a reference and indicator electrode |
| DNA | Adenine (purine) --> thymine Cytosine (pyrimidine) --> guanine |
| RNA | uracil replaces thymine as a pyrimidine base |
| DNA is ______________ to RNA, RNA is ________________ to proteins | transcribed; translated |
| dose hook effect | saturated binding sites leading to false negatives; common in sandwich immunoassays |
| ELISA | enzyme linked immunosorbent assay |
| LIS | Lab info system |
| LAN | local area network |
| HIS | hospital info system |
| WAN | wide area network |
| HPLC | high performance liquid chromatography |
| EMIT | enzyme marker immunoassay technique concentration is directly proportionalto enzyme activity |
| osmometry | measures osmolality indirectly |
| exntension | addition of nucleotides used by the polymerase enzyme to make new DNA |
| hybridization assays | single strands of DNA from two different sources are annealed |
| mobile phase | liquid/gas that moves thru the stationary phase |
| stationary phase | solid/liquid fixed in place |
| adsorption | affinity for solid surface (silica gel column) |
| partition | solubility between 2 immiscible phases (TLC) |
| affinity | specific binding to a ligand |
| liquid chromatography | used for less volatile drugs |
| gas chromatography | separates volatile mixtures;uses a carrier gas to move compounds thru a stationary phase located within a column |
| reverse phase | mobile phase is more polar than stationary |
| southern blot northern blot western blot | southern: DNA northern: RNA western: proteins |
| densitometer | measures absorbance of stained compounds on a support medium |
Created by:
kingsleya27