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CHEM111 Ch 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemistry | The science of matter and its interactions with other matter and with other energy |
| Scientific method | Investigations that are guided by theory and earlier experiments |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and occupies space |
| Mass | The quantity of matter in an object |
| Weight | The force of attraction between an object and other objects |
| Property | Anything observed or measured about a sample of matter |
| Extensive property | Depends on the size of the sample (how much do we have) - mass or volume |
| Intensive property | Independent (separate) of sample size; density, color, melting point, boiling point |
| Physical properties | (CAN be reversed) Can be measured without changing the composition of the sample; mass, density, color, melting point |
| Physical change | A change that occurs without changing the composition of the material; freezing, melting |
| Chemical properties | (CANT be reversed) Describe the reactivity of a material (ex: methane burns in air) |
| Chemical change | At least part of the material is changed into a different kind of matter (ex: burning methane produced CO2 and H2O |
| Substance | A material that is chemically the same throughout |
| Element | Cannot be broken into simpler substances |
| Compounds | Can be broken down into elements |
| Mixture | Matter that can be separated into simpler materials by physical methods (not chemically combined) |
| Heterogenous mixture | Composition of the mixture changes from one part to another (ex: rock) |
| Homogenous mixture (solutions) | Composition of the mixture is uniform throughout (ex: air) |
| Accuracy | The agreement of a set of measurements with the true value (ex: close to the middle of the dart board) |
| Precision | Agreement among repeated measurements of the same quantity (ex: grouped at the bottom of the dart board) |
| Sig figs: leading zeros (0.00009) | NEVER significant |
| Sig figs: captive zeros (98.03) | ALWAYS significant |
| Sig figs: trailing zeros (2.90000) | only with a decimal, no decimal not significant |
| Rounding w/ sig figs | LESS than 5 round down, 5 round to even, MORE than 5 round up |
| Density | A physical property of a substance calculated as the mass per unit volume |
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