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Lawson's Civics Lit
Civics Lit Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Jamestown | settlement in the colony of Virginia - was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. |
| mercantilism | the theory that a country’s power depends on its wealth. |
| natural rights | freedoms people possess relating to life, liberty, and property. |
| delegate | a representative to a meeting. |
| Mayflower Compact | first governing document of Plymouth Colony. |
| Articles of Confederation | the original constitution of the United States (ratified in 1781), which was replaced by the United States Constitution. |
| Virginia House of Burgesses | first legislative assembly of elected representatives in North America |
| Magna Carta | a document constituting a fundamental guarantee of rights and privileges. |
| Federalism | a system of government in which the same territory is controlled by two levels of government (state and federal). |
| Declaration of Independence | written by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Second Continental Congress - states the reasons the British colonies of North America sought independence in July of 1776. |
| constitution | a statement of the basic principles and laws of a nation, state, or group, such as the United States Constitution. |
| amendment | a change in the words or meaning of a law or document. |
| Elastic Clause | a statement in the United States Constitution (Article I, Section 8) granting Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers |
| Supremacy Clause | established by Article VI, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution - establishes that the Constitution, federal laws made pursuant to it, and treaties made under its authority are the supreme law of the land |
| bicameral | two houses of government. |
| Lexington/Concord (1775) | shot heard around the world - marked the beginning of the American Revolution/Revolutionary War. |
| Second Continental Congress (1775) | a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that started meeting in the summer of 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, that soon after warfare, declared the American Revolution had begun. |
| Thomas Jefferson | author of the Declaration of Independence and 3rd president of the United States. |
| Electoral College | system put in place once the United States gained independence to elect officials into office (They did not believe that the average person understood politics enough for a straight popular vote). |
| Shays Rebellion | Daniel Shay, a Revolutionary War soldier, who became upset with the new taxes imposed after the war was over - led to the amendment of the Articles of Confederation |
| civil liberties: | the state of being subject only to laws established for the good of the community; freedom of action and speech. |
| House of Representatives | larger body of Congress - 435 voting members based on census (population) - 2 year terms. |
| implied powers | powers NOT explicitly listed in the Constitution but are necessary for the government to do their job. |
| expressed powers | powers specifically given to the federal government (Congress) including the power to coin money, provide for defense, and regulate trade. |
| veto | refusal to sign a bill. |
| executive agreement | an agreement between the president and the leader of another country. |
| cabinet | advisory group made up of the heads of the 15 executive departments appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate. |
| spoils system | rewarding people with government jobs on the basis of their political support. |
| merit system | hiring people into government jobs on the basis of their qualifications. |
| pardon | a declaration of forgiveness and freedom from punishment. |
| jurisdiction | power and authority to hear and try a case that deals with: the Constitution, federal laws, issues between states, citizens from different states, the federal government, foreign governments, maritime laws, and U.S. diplomats. |
| exclusive jurisdiction | only the federal courts can hear and decide cases. |
| concurrent jurisdiction | federal and state courts can hear and try cases that violate both federal and state laws. |
| district court | trials are held and lawsuits are begun - 94 in total. |
| original jurisdiction | authority to hear cases for the first time. |
| appeals court | review decisions made in lower district courts. |
| precedent | gives guidance to other judges by providing a model upon which to base their own decisions on similar cases. |
| judicial review | court can review any federal, state, or local decision to see if it is constitutional, or allowed by the Constitution. |
| majority opinion | views of the majority of the justices on the case |
| unanimous opinion | all of the justices vote in the same way. |
| concurring opinion | justice that agrees with the majority opinion but has different reasons for why. |
| dissenting opinion | justices who oppose the majority opinion. |
Created by:
krierson