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BIO exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is life | Has cellular structure, metabolism, sensitivity, homeostasis, and grows/reproduces |
| Steps of the scientific method | 1. make an observation 2. formulate a hypothesis 3. devise a testable prediction - an if/then statement 4. conduct an experiment 5. draw conclusions |
| null hypothesis | proposes there is no relation between two factors |
| alternative hypothesis | proposes there is a relation |
| Atom | smallest particle that can exist |
| atomic number | how many protons |
| atomic mass | protons plus neutrons |
| isotopes | different number of neutrons |
| Big 4 | oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen |
| electron shells | first shell has 2, second has eight |
| Atom bonds - Covalent | sharing electrons. Strong |
| Atom bonds - Ionic | Transferring electrons. two opposing charges. Strong |
| Atom bonds - hydrogen | ONF weak |
| Properties of water | hydrogen bonds make water cohesive. allows for plants to transport it easily |
| Properties of water | High heat capacity |
| Properties of water | lower density when frozen |
| Properties of water | is a good solvent. pries apart ionic compounds like NaCl |
| Neutral pH | equal amounts of hydrogen and hydroxide ions |
| Acidic pH | More hydrogen ions |
| Basic pH | More hydroxide ions |
| Acids | pH lower than 7. reactive and corrosive |
| Bases | pH higher than 7. bitter and feel slppery |
| Buffers | chemicals that act to reduce pH change |
| Macromolecules | Proteins, carbs, lipids, nucleic acid |
| Monosaccharides | single sugars. glucose, fructose, galactose. used as fuel for calls |
| glycogen | Polysaccharide that is stored in muscles and liver for short term energy. carries lots of water weight |
| Complex carbs | disaccharides and polysaccharides |
| disaccharides | two simple sugars. sucrose and lactose |
| polysaccharides | many simple sugers. glycogen and starches |
| structural carbs | chitin and cellulose |
| chitin | insect/crusteatan shells |
| cellulose | plant fiber |
| lipids |