The target cell’s detection of a signal molecule coming from the outside.

The conversion of the signal to a form that can bring about a specific cellular response.

The specific cellular response to the signal molecule.

The signaling molecule (ex: proteins, individual amino acids, steroids, ions, etc…)

Protein that detects specific ligands

This occurs when a cell signals itself

Direct contact, cells are touching (ex for plants, plasmodesmata. ex for animals, Gap junctions)

Belts around the epithelial cells that line organs and serve as a barrier to prevent leakage into or out of those organs.

“Spot welds” found in many tissues that are subjected to severe mechanical stress such as skin epithelium or the neck of the uterus, which must expand greatly during childbirth

Permit the passage of materials directly from the cytoplasm from one cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell. In the muscle tissue of the heart, the flow of ions through the gap junctions coordinate the contractions of the cardiac cells.

Connect one plant cell to the next. They are analogous to gap junctions in animal cells.

Ligands produced by cells can travel through extracellular fluid (diffusion) and be read by other local cells

Ligand released by a cell and makes its way to the (blood) circulatory system. Can be spread through entire body.

Rapid communication with distant cells using nerve cells’ long fiber-like extensions

Receptor sends signal throughout the cell

G Protein-coupled receptor

Is a membrane receptor that works with the help of a G protein.

1st step of G Protein-coupled receptor

Ligand or signaling molecule had bound to G Protein-coupled receptor, this causes a conformational change in the receptor so that it may now bind to an inactive G protein, causing a GTP to displace the GDP. This activates the G protein.

2nd step of G Protein-coupled receptor

G protein binds to a specific enzyme and activates it, when the enzyme is activated, it can trigger the next step in a pathway leading to a cellular response. All the molecular shape changes are temporary.

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Cell communication

Term	Definition
Reception	The target cell’s detection of a signal molecule coming from the outside.
Transduction	The conversion of the signal to a form that can bring about a specific cellular response.
Response	The specific cellular response to the signal molecule.
Ligand	The signaling molecule (ex: proteins, individual amino acids, steroids, ions, etc…)
Receptor	Protein that detects specific ligands
Autocrine Signaling	This occurs when a cell signals itself
Juxtacrine	Direct contact, cells are touching (ex for plants, plasmodesmata. ex for animals, Gap junctions)
Tight junctions	Belts around the epithelial cells that line organs and serve as a barrier to prevent leakage into or out of those organs.
Desmosomes	“Spot welds” found in many tissues that are subjected to severe mechanical stress such as skin epithelium or the neck of the uterus, which must expand greatly during childbirth
Gap junctions	Permit the passage of materials directly from the cytoplasm from one cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell. In the muscle tissue of the heart, the flow of ions through the gap junctions coordinate the contractions of the cardiac cells.
Plasmodesmata	Connect one plant cell to the next. They are analogous to gap junctions in animal cells.
Paracrine Signaling	Ligands produced by cells can travel through extracellular fluid (diffusion) and be read by other local cells
Endocrine Signaling	Ligand released by a cell and makes its way to the (blood) circulatory system. Can be spread through entire body.
Synaptic Signaling	Rapid communication with distant cells using nerve cells’ long fiber-like extensions
Signal Transduction	Receptor sends signal throughout the cell
G Protein-coupled receptor	Is a membrane receptor that works with the help of a G protein.
1st step of G Protein-coupled receptor	Ligand or signaling molecule had bound to G Protein-coupled receptor, this causes a conformational change in the receptor so that it may now bind to an inactive G protein, causing a GTP to displace the GDP. This activates the G protein.
2nd step of G Protein-coupled receptor	G protein binds to a specific enzyme and activates it, when the enzyme is activated, it can trigger the next step in a pathway leading to a cellular response. All the molecular shape changes are temporary.

Created by: 200480745

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