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Vocab
electricity and magnetism vocabulary words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Electrostatic force | Electrostatic force is the force between two charged particles |
| Coulomb’s law | The force between two charged particles. Charged particles exert forces on each other; like charges repel, opposite charges attract; The greater the distance between charges, the less force they will exert on each other. |
| Electric field | Surrounding of every electric charge |
| Electric field lines point in the direction that . . . | A positive charge would move when in the presence of an electric field. |
| electricity | Involves the movement of electrons |
| conductor | Have free electrons that can easily move about in the material. |
| examples of conductors | Metals such as copper and aluminum, are good conductors of electricity |
| insulator | Almost no free electrons are available to transfer current. The atoms have very tightly bound electrons. So, if charge is transferred to an insulator at a given location, it will stay there. |
| examples of insulators | Nonmetals, diamond, wood, glass, rubber, porcelain, dry hair and most plastics and oxides. |
| resistivity | It is the measure of how difficult it is for electricity to travel through a material. |
| semiconductors | Have few electrons with which to conduct electricity, however if enough energy is provided, electrons can be freed and allowed to flow. |
| superconductors | Conductive materials whose the resistivity abruptly decreases to zero as the temperature decreases below a critical value. |
| critical temperature | Temperature decreases below a critical value |
| Static electricity | Result of excess positive or negative charges on an objects surface. |
| friction | Rubbing two objects together create friction |
| induction | When a charged object is brought near to, but not touching an insulator. |
| conduction | When two objects, one charged and one neutral, are brought into contact with one another. |
| current electricity | flow of electricity in an electronic circuit |
| current | The flow rate of electrons through the circuit |
| amperes | Used as measurement for the flow rate of electrons through a circuit |
| resistance (R) | The measure of how difficult it is to move electrons through a circuit |
| voltage (V) | The force that moves electrons through a circuit and is measured in volts. |
| Ohm’s Law states that . . . | The resistance is equal to the voltage divided by the current |
| Formula for Ohm’s Law | rise/run = voltage/current = resistance |
| circuit | The path through which the electricity is conducted |
| batteries | Commonly used as voltage sources |
| loads | Represented as a simple resistor in circuit diagrams |
| Simple series circuit | All current is the same through each part or load |
| Circuit diagram | We can use the symbols from Figure 9.12 to represent the series circuit as a circuit diagram. |
| Formula for total resistance in series circuit | Req = R1 + R2 + R3 |
| How does a switch work? | Can be used to open and close the circuit. When the switch is open electricity with not flow through a series circuit. |
| Parallel circuit | Has more than one path for the electricity to flow. |
| Formula for total resistance in parallel circuit | 1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 |
| magnet | Metallic substance capable of attracting iron and certain other metals |
| Magnetic field | Magnet has a north and south pole which creates a magnetic field |
| Magnetic field lines always point . . . | From the north pole to the south pole of a magnet |
| compass | Contains a small, thing magnet mounted on a pivot point, used to tell direction |
| Bar magnet | man-made magnet |
| What happens when you break a magnet? | at some point the divisions become too small to maintain a magnetic field |
| Ways to demagnetize a magnet | Heat it up to a high temperature, drop it, or subdivide it until it cannot maintain a magnetic field. |
| electromagnet | Device that becomes magnetic when electricity flows through it. |
| Parts of an electromagnet | Conductive wire, ferromagnetic core, and a battery |
| Simple (or electric) motor | converts electrical energy into mechanical motion using magnetic attraction between a permanent magnet and an electromagnet |
| Horseshoe magnet | A permanent magnet |
| armature | Cylinder of iron |
| rotor | The whole spinning electromagnet part of the motor |
| stator | Stationary permanent magnet part |
| Electric generator | Devices that use electromagnetic induction to create electricity. |
| Alternating current (AC) | Each time the coil switches from north to south pole, the direction of the current changes directions. |
| Direct current (DC) | Current produced by a battery |
Created by:
peytonledford30