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Apartheid History
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Who colonized SA? | Dutch and British |
| What language did the colonists speak? | Afrikaans |
| What does Apartheid mean? | apartness |
| Who started Apartheid? | National Party |
| What is Apartheid? | laws that impacted every aspect of non-white South Africans |
| What are different ethnic groups/hierarchy? | 1. White 2. Asian 2. Coloured 3. Black/Bantu |
| Population Registration Act | - government determined race - keep power with whites - divide into 4 groups, keep whites separate |
| Passbook Laws | -black SA's over 16 had to carry them at all times |
| Promotion of Bantu Self Government Act | - separate homelands became separate "countries"; each black person was a citizen of a homeland - infertile soil, crowded , unsanitary - 75% of population crammed into 13% of land - made it look like there was no black majority |
| Immortality Act | - no relationships between races |
| Race Classification Act | - 4 classes determined by government |
| Group Areas Act | sold land cheap to white people |
| Bantustan | - homelands -there were 10 - crowded, far away from the city, -separated by tribe - poor living conditions |
| Township | -outside of the city - segregated - ghettos - non Europeans |
| Soweto Uprising | - protests against education - they did not want half of the courses taught in Afrikaans |
| Sharpesville Massacre | - PAC organized peacefully, 300 people - protesting Pass Laws - 500 police - fired on crowd, 69 dead, 180 wounded - showed the whole world how awful Apartheid was |
| Rivonia Trial | - led by the MK - people were arrested for sabotage, guerilla warfare, revolution, and treason - people arrested were called terrorists - people spoke out against Apartheid during the trial - Mandela spoke for 4 hours - sentenced to life in prison |
| Areas of life impacted by Apartheid | Housing Education Relationships Work Movement |
| Passbooks | - they limited movement for Black S.A.'s and ensured cheap labor in the mines Included: Name Fingerprints Address place of work/name of employer could include behavior |
| African National Congress | oldest political party created by Black South Africans |
| Defiance Campaign | - nonviolent protests and boycotts - broke laws peacefully to flood the jails - over 9000 arrested - goal was to end Apartheid laws |
| Freedom Charter | - proposed as an alternative to the Constitution - said SA belonged to all the people who live in it....regardless of race - created by Congress of the People - arrested 150 for high treason, no one was found guilty |
| Women Defense of Constitution League | - white women - wore black sash symbolizing death of constitution - helped give people advice, served as witnesses, protests |
| 1994 Election | - all races could vote - Nelson Mandela won; 1st black president |
| Mining | -coal, diamond, gold -harsh conditions -diseases - pneumonia, tuberculosis, silicosis, pulmonary fibrosis -14 hour days, low pay |
| Nelson Mandela | - believed in nonviolent until Sharpeville massacre - Arrested for training people to sabotage, treason, terrorism, 27 years in jail - had negotiations with the president while in jail to end apartheid |
| How other countries showed their opposition | Some boycotted South African goods Tariffs from other countries on South African goods Made protest songs Protested athletes from SA |
| Apartheid vs Jim Crow Laws (US) | - Both systems separated blacks and whites - American said Jim Crow was “separate but equal” -South Africa made it clear that Apartheid was “separate but not equal” - Jim Crow were state laws and Apartheid was national |
| How Apartheid impacted Trevor | -could not be seen with father - he was born a crime (parents were different races) -could not play outside at township in Soweto, kids thought he was white |
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