Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
hgap
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Period that brought improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of farm produce that began in the late 1600s and continued through the 1930s | Second Agricultural Revolution |
| A machine for planting seeds in a row | Seed Drill |
| A machine used to harvest grain crops mechanically; patented by Cyrus McCormick in 1831 | Mechanical reaper |
| An agricultural hand tool with a curved blade used for cutting grain in the fields | Scythe |
| Chemical compounds obtained from petroleum and natural gas for use in agriculture; includes fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides | agrichemicals |
| Industrially manufactured nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, made from petroleum by-products; contains higher concentrations of nutrients for plants than natural fertilizers | synthetic fertilizer |
| Material used to kill or repel animals or insects that can damage, destroy, or inhibit crop growth | pesticide |
| Pesticide designed to kill or inhibit the growth of unwanted plants (weeds) that compete with crops | herbicide |
| Consequence of overuse of fertilizer; occurs when excess nutrients seep down into groundwater or are carried into nearby waterways as runoff | nutrient pollution |
| The flow of rain or irrigation water over land | runoff |
| The U.S.-supported development of high-yield seed varieties that increased the productivity of cereal crops and accompanying agricultural technologies for transfer to less developed countries | green revolution |
| The act of mixing different species or varieties of plants or animals to produce hybrids | crossbreeding |
| The offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties | hybrid |
| Planting another crop on the same plot of land as soon as the first crop has been harvested | doublecropping |
| Planting two or three crops per year on the same land | multicropping |
| Occurs when ideas leapfrog from one important person, community, or city to another, bypassing other persons, communities, or rural areas | Hierarchical Diffusion |
| A root vegetable native to South America | cassava |
| A grain plant native to northeast Africa | sorghum |
| Native to or characteristic of a certain environment | endemic |
| Chemical residue that builds up with each application of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides | Environmental Contamination |
| The concentration of dissolved salts in the soil | Soil Salinization |
| A measure of the concentration of dissolved salts in the soil | soil salinity |
| Assets that cost money, such as land, machinery, synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, seeds, and livestock feed | capital expenditures |
| Explains how the demand for and price of land decrease as its distance from the central business district increases | bid-rent theory |
| A dense cluster of offices and shops located at a city’s most accessible point, usually its center | central business district(cbd) |
| A large-scale farm oriented exclusively toward the production of agricultural commodities for sale in the market | large-scale commercial operation |
| The cultivation of a single commercial crop on extensive tracts of land | monocropping(monoculture) |
| An organization where farmers pool their resources in certain areas of activity such as services or production; services or production resources are provided to individual farm members | agricultural cooperative |
| A farming operation wholly owned by a family or family corporation that sells its products to some defined market, either directly or through a cooperative | family farm |
| A primary agricultural product or raw material that is bought, sold, and traded | commodity |
| A series of links connecting a commodity’s many places of production and distribution | commodity chain |
| Large corporation that provides a vast array of goods and services to support the agricultural industry | agribusiness |
| Animal rearing system that confines livestock (such as cattle, sheep, turkeys, chickens, and hogs) in high-density cages only large enough to allow the animal body to grow and to accommodate equipment for feeding and waste removal | Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO) |
| The system that uses refrigeration and food-freezing technologies to keep farm produce fresh in climate-controlled environments at every stage of transport from field to retail grocers and restaurants | cool chain |
| The area surrounding a city | hinterland |
| Agribusinesses, organized at the global scale; encompasses all elements of growing, harvesting, processing, transporting, marketing, consuming, and disposing of food for people | global supply chain |
| Arrangement between an independent farmer and an agribusiness company to produce a crop; the agribusiness provides the farmer with all the supplies needed to produce a crop in exchange for a guaranteed price and buyer | contract farming |
| Seeds that are developed and entirely owned by a company | proprietary seeds |
| A cash crop that is produced for export to wealthier countries at the expense of crop production for local consumption | export commodity |
| Guaranteed prices for staple food crops | subsidies |
| Extreme scarcity of food | famine |
| Sections of a body of water where there is very little aquatic life | dead zones |
| Clearing and destruction of forests to clear land for agriculture use | deforestation |
| The process by which once-fertile land becomes desert as a result of climate variation or human activities | desertification |
| The process of draining land inundated with either fresh water or salt water to increase areas for agricultural production | Water Control Land Reclamation |
| Farming that relies on the controlled application of water to cultivated fields | irrigated agriculture |
| The use of deep-well drilling technology and powerful industrial pumping systems to remove water in the ground | water mining |
| Underground water deposited hundreds of thousands of years ago | aquifer |
| A fuel derived from organic wastes or plant materials | biofuel |
| Fuel made from vegetable oils | biodiesel |
| A commitment to satisfying human food and textile needs and to enhancing the quality of life for farmers and society as whole, now and in the future; it requires a balance among feeding the growing population, minimizing environmental impacts. | sustainable agriculture |
| A living organism, including crops and livestock, that is produced through genetic engineering | Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) |
| The cultivation and harvesting of aquatic organisms under controlled conditions | aquaculture |
| The farming of saltwater species such as shrimp, oysters, and marine fish | mariculture |
| The practice of growing fruits and vegetables on small private plots or shared community gardens within the confines of a city | urban farming |
| A direct-to-consumer marketing arrangement in which farmers are guaranteed buyers for their produce at guaranteed prices and consumers receive fresh food directly from the producers | Community-Supported Agriculture (CSA) |
| A venue (ranging from a few stalls in the street to covered enclosures extending a few city blocks) in which farmers sell their produce directly to consumers | farmers' market |
| The production of crops and livestock using ecological processes, natural biodiversity, and renewable resources rather than industrial practices and synthetic inputs | organic farming |
| Farming that depends on manufactured synthetic inputs, GMO seeds, and other industrial practices | conventional agriculture |
| A crop whose physical state or form has been changed | Value-Added Specialty Crop |
| A certification program that supports good crop prices for farmers and environmentally sound farming practices | fair trade |
| Movement that resists fast food by preserving the cultural cuisine and the associated food and farming practices of an ecoregion | slow food |
| People who dedicate themselves to slow-food diets and to obtaining as much of their nutrition as possible from local farmers | locavores |
| Area with limited access to fresh, nutritious foods | food desert |
| According to the United Nations, the situation in which all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to enough safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life | food security |
| Occurs when large numbers of people experience long periods of inadequate diets | food insecurity |
Created by:
vasundhara.varadarajan