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AP Gov Review

Court Cases

TermDefinition
Marbury v. Madison Establish judicial review, courts can declare acts of the other branches unconstitutional
McCulloch v. Maryland Created a national bank, Congress used their implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause. States can't tax federal institutions
Brown v. Board of Education Racial segregation in public schools in unconstitutional. Sparked end of segregation since it violated 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause.
Roe v. Wade 14th Amendment right to privacy protects a woman's liberty to choose to have an abortion. The decision is entirely up to the woman in their 1st trimester, but may vary in their 2nd/3rd trimesters. Later overturned.
Baker v. Carr Unequal redistricting is unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause.
Shaw v. Reno Racial gerrymandering redistricting is unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause.
Citizens United v. FEC First Amendment prohibits the government from restricting independent political expenditures by businesses, corps, unions, etc. Lead to rise of Super PACs
United States v. Lopez Possession of a gun in local school zone is not economic activity that will have effect on interstate commerce. Congress exceeded their authority and tried to strike it as unconstitutional but that in itself is unconstitutional (Federal vs. State Power)
Engel v. Vitale State cannot hold prayers in public schools, even if participation is not required and the prayer isn't tied to a particular religion. Violated the 1st Amendment Establishment Clause
Yoder v. Wisconsin Amish parents couldn't be required to send their children to public school beyond 8th grade since it violated the First Amendment Establishment Clause
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District Symbolic forms of protest are within the bounds of the 1st Amendment Freedom of Speech. A school asking the students to remove the armbands that represent protest and suspending them is unconstitutional
New York Times v. US Government couldn't impose prior restraint on press; newspaper companies have 1st Amendment. Court issue per curiam decision. Publication of classified information is not unconstitutional as it doesn't pose a threat to US
Schenck v. US Speech creating "clear and present danger" isn't protected by 1st Amendment. During wartime, the 1st Amendment Freedom of Speech is limited which introduced the "clear and present danger" test
Gideon v. Wainwright The 6th Amendment guarantee of a right to assistance of counsel applies to criminal defendants in state court because of the 14th Amendment's Due Process.
McDonald v. Chicago The 14th Amendment makes the 2nd Amendment right to keep/bear Arms for purpose of self-defense applicable to states. The right to bear arms is fundamental, limit states to restrict gun ownership.
Created by: 230239
 

 



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