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Stack #4626822
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Normal flora | Microorganisms that normally live on the body and do not cause illness |
| Microbiome | All the microorganisms that live in and on a person’s body |
| Pathogen | A germ that can cause infection or disease |
| Virus | A tiny germ that must enter a living cell to reproduce |
| Bacteria | Single celled-organisms; some can cause infections |
| Fungi | Organisms like yeast or mold that can cause infection |
| Parasites | Organisms that live on or inside a host and cause harm |
| Innate immunity | The bodies first line of defense, (skin,mucus, etc.) present at birth. |
| Adaptive immunity | Specific immunity response involving T cells and B cells.The bodies learned defense system using antibodies |
| Inflammation | Body reaction, causing redness, heat, and swelling |
| Fever | Rise and body temperature to help fight infection |
| Infection | Invasion and multiplication of pathogens in the body. |
| Disease | Signs and symptoms resulting from infection |
| Pathogenicity | Ability of a germ or microorganisms to cause disease |
| Virulence | How harmful or severe a pathogen is |
| Primary pathogen | Causes ill illness and healthy people |
| Opportunistic pathogen | Causes illness when immunity is weak |
| Exposure | When you come in contact with a germ |
| Portal of entry | Were germs enter the body |
| Adhesion | How germs stick to body cells |
| Hypernatremia | High sodium (salt) levels in the blood. Normal level 135-145 Edema, Decreased urine output are main symptoms. |
| Blood PH | Above or below 7.35 to 7.45 can cause severe or even fatal physiological problems |
| Diffusion | Gasses, liquids, solids move from an area where there are a lot of them to an area where there are fewer until things are evenly spread out. EXAMPLE: when perfume is sprayed in one corner of a room and the smell spreads everywhere without being pushed. |
| Osmosis | Osmosis is a movement of water across a membrane from where there is more water to where there is less water. EXAMPLE: if one side of a membrane has more salt, water moves toward that side to dilute it.. |
| Foreseeability | Ability to predict potential harm |
| Causation | Connection between breach and injury |
| Patient self-determination act {PSDA} | Law requiring clients to be informed of care |
| Privacy rule | Regulates use/disclosure of PHI |
| Security rule | Protects electronic PHI |
| Assertive communication | Express expressing needs respect respectfully, while honoring the rights of other others |
| Passive communication | Putting others needs first, often avoid avoiding express expressing feelings |
| Aggressive communication | Communicating in a forceful way that may violate others rights |
| Therapeutic communication | Purposeful, professional communication that supports client, clients well-being |
| Aphasia | Impairment of language ability due to brain injury |
| Expressive aphasia | Difficulty expressing thoughts, verbally, or in writing |
| Receptive aphasia | Difficulty understanding, spoken or written communication |
| Anti antibodies | Proteins made by B cells that target pathogens. |
| Oxygenation | Process of supplying oxygen to the body |
| Gas exchange | Movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and blood |
| Respiration | Exchange of gases at alveoli and tissue |
| Ventilation | Mechanical movement of air in and out of the lungs |
| Rhonchi | Low pitched coarse crackles from mucus in the airways |
| Rales | Find crackles caused by fluid in alveoli |
| Wheezes | Wheezes whistling sounds from narrowed airways |
| Stridor | High-pitched sound from upper airway obstruction |
| Plural rub | Rubbing sound due to inflamed plural spaces |
| Cardiac output | Amount of blood pumped by heart per minute |
| Perfusion | Blood flow to tissues and organs |
| Hemoglobin | Protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen |
| SpO2 | Peripheral oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximeter |
| PaO2 | Arterial oxygen level measured by ABG |
| PaCO2 | Arterial carbon dioxide level |
| HCO3 | Bicarbonate level regulating blood pH |
| Epidermis | Top, thin outer skin layer |
| Dermis | Middle skin layer containing follicles, glands vessels, and nerves |
| Hypodermis | Fatty bottom skin layer providing insulation/support |
| Hair follicle | Structure and dermis where hair grow grows |
| Hair shaft | Visible dead portion of hair above skin |
| Nail bed | Skin beneath fingernail/toenail |
| Keratinocytes | Cells producing keratin for nails, skin, hair |
| Skin integrity | Overall health and intactness of skin |
| Impaired skin integrity | Damage to epidermis/dermis |
| Arterial insufficiency | Poor arterial, blood flow, causing pale, cool, skin, and ulcers |
| Venus insufficiency | Poor Venus return, causing edema and stasis dermatitis |
| Maceration | Skin breakdown from prolonged moisture |
| Excoriation | Superficial skin loss from friction/moisture exposure |
| Dehiscence | Separation of surgical wound edges |
| Functional mobility | Ability to move in environment, bed transfers, ambulation |
| Deep vein, thrombosis DVT | Blood clot forming in deep veins, often legs |
| Sit -to- stand lift | Device assisting partial weight-bearing clients to stand |
| slider board | Board used to slide a mobile clients between surfaces |
| Passive ROM | Joint movement DONE BY caregiver or machine |
| Active ROM | Client performs joint movement independently |
| Urinary system | Organs that filter blood and remove urine |
| Kidneys | Filter, blood and form urine |
| Ureters | Tubes carrying urine from kidneys to bladder |
| Bladder | Stores urine until voiding |
| Urethra | Passageway for urine out of the body |
| Anuria | Less than 50 mL‘s urine in 24 hours |
| Dysuria | Painful urination |
| Hematuria | Blood pressure in urine |
| Oliguria | Low urine output (< 500 ML‘s/24 hours) |
| Nocturia | Waking at night to urinate |
| Polyuria | Large urine output (>2.5 L/day) |
| gastrointestinal system | Organs that digest food and eliminate stool |
| Peristalsis | Wave-like movements pushing food through G.I. tract |
| Pathogenicity | Ability of a microorganism to cause disease |
| Acid-base balance | Balance of acids and bases in body |
| Acidosis | Too much acid; pH < 7.35 |
| Aldosterone | Hormone that saves sodium and water |
| Anti-diuretic hormone ADH | Helps kidneys retain water |
| Bicarbonate (HCO3-) | Base that balances pH |
| BUN | Blood test for kidney function/hydration |
| Capillary hydrostatic pressure | Pushes fluid out of vessels |
| Concentrated urine | Dark urine; high specific gravity |
| Diuretics | Meds that remove water/salt |
| Extra cellular fluid, ECF | Fluid outside cells |
| Filtration | Fluid push through membrane (e.g., kidneys) |
| Intracellular fluid | All the water and ions inside cells |
| Signs of dehydration | Thirst, dry mouth and mucus membrane, common decrease urine output, dark, colored, urine, fatigue, dizziness, and lightheadedness, sunken eyes, dry skin, rapid heartbeat, symptoms, such as coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing |
| Signs of fluid overload | Edema in the extremities, abdomen or lungs, rapid weight gain, shortness of breath, increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, jugular vein, distention JVD, ascites, pulmonary edema |
| Stage1 pressure injury | Skin is intact with localized area of non-blanchable erythema. Reddened area of skin that does not turn white when pressed. |
| Stage 2 pressure injury | Partial – thickness, loss of skin with exposed dermis. May appear like an intact or ruptured blister. |
| Stage 3 pressure injury | Full thickness, tissue loss fat is visible, but cartilage, tendon, ligament, muscle and bone are not exposed. |
| Stage 4 pressure injury | Full thickness, tissue loss, but has cartilage, tendon, ligament, muscle or bone exposed maybe less painful because of damaged nerve endings |
| Unstageable pressure injury | Full thickness, skin and tissue loss. The damage within the ulcer cannot be confirmed because it’s obscured by slough or eschar |
| Contact precautions | Gown plus gloves. Private rooms, preferred examples, MRSA, C.diff. SOAP & WATER |
| Droplet precautions | Surgical mask. Private room. Example flu, and meningitis |
| Airborne precautions | N 95 respirator mask. Negative pressure room. Examples TB, measles. |
| Deep tissue pressure injury | Consist of persistent, non-blanchable and deeper red, maroon or purple discoloration in an area. These discoloration typically reveal a dark wound bed or blood filled blister. |
| Braden scale | Mild: 15-18. Moderate: 13-14. High: 10-12. Severe: less than 9 |
Created by:
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