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science high key suc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What did Gregor Mendel determine? | Traits are inherited using genes. |
| What are genes | segments of code that appear on structures called chromosomes, in a cell's nucleus, contains DNA passed from one generation to the next. |
| When do chromosomes get their characteristic x shape | When they are made in the beginning of a series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides into new cells |
| What type of cells do not have the same numbers of chromosomes | Sex cells |
| How many chromosomes do us humans have | 46 |
| How many sex cells do we have in relation to body cells | half of the body cells |
| What is inside a cell? | nucleus |
| What is inside of a nucleus | chromosomes |
| what is inside of chromosomes | DNA |
| What is inside of DNA | Genes |
| How many genes are in 46 chromosomes | 20-25k |
| What is a homologous Chromosome? | The pairs the chromosomes from you mom and dad come in. |
| What happens if somebody receives a dominate trait and a recessive trait? | The individual would be heterozygous for that trait. |
| What is a pedigree | a model that geneticists use to map out the inheritance of traits, the diagram shows the presence or absence of traits across several generations. |
| What are multiple generations represented as in a pedigree | roman numerals |
| Why do human body cells have twice as many chromosomes as sex cells? | When a sperm and an egg meet, both having 23 chromosomes, they form a zygote with 46 chromosomes. |
| How do sex cells form? | They form through a process that reduces their chromosomes by half. Homologous chromosomes separate into two different cells and form new cells with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell. |
| What happens before Homologous chromosomes separate into two different cells, | They separate and move into separate cells, this is called crossing over |
| What is variation | is any difference between two species |
| What makes up your 23 pairs of chromosomes | 22 autosomal chromosomes, and one pair of sex chromosomes |
| What are sex chromosomes | They are pairs of chromosomes carrying genes to determine if one is biologically male or female |
| What are autosomal chromosomes? | Homologous chromosomes, meaning their genes are located at the same place on each chromosome in the pairs |
| Who have homologous sex chromosomes | females |
| What are DNA made of? | nitrogen bases |
| What di different types of nitrogen bases form | Base pairs |
| What is protein synthesis? | A group of genes controlling a trait by producing proteins |
| What is a mutation | any change in the DNA of a gene or chromosome |
| How can an Acquired mutation be inherited? | If it mutates in the sex cell |
| What are sex-linked-genes? | Genes carried on a sex chromosome |
| What are mutagens? | CHEMICALS THAT DAMAGE DNA IN A WAY THAT IT CAUSES MUTATIONS. |
| What is natural selection | Organisms with beneficial traits are more likely to reproduce and survive than those without |
| What is artificial selection | selective breeding, natural selection but instead of beneficial traits, it's traits that we desire |
| what is genetic engineering | transferring a gene from the DNA of one organism to another, or to give an organism a gene they could not acquire through breeding, or to synthesize material |
| What is generic therapy | using genetic engineering to correct some genetic disorders in humans |
| what is CRISR | a gene editing tool that can potentially help people with sickle cell disease. Using guide RNA and an enzyme that can cut out DNA sequences with dangerous mutations |
| what is a clone | an organism that has the same genes as it's parents |
| how is a clone produced | remove the nucleus of an unfertilized egg and replace it with the nucleus of a body cell, then implant it to a female so it could develope |
| What is DNA sequencing | being able to see the exact sequence of nitrogen Bases in an organism's DNA |
| What is a genome | the complete set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA |
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