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Bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of macromolecule are enzymes? | Enzymes are proteins, one of the four macromolecules. |
| What are the four organic macromolecules? | Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. |
| What is the main job of enzymes? | To speed up chemical reactions in living things. |
| Why are enzymes important for life? | Without enzymes, reactions would be too slow to keep cells alive. |
| What is an enzyme? | A protein that speeds up a chemical reaction. |
| What is a substrate? | The molecule the enzyme acts on. |
| What is a catalyst? | Something that speeds up a reaction without being used up. |
| Why are enzymes called biological catalysts? | Because they speed up reactions in living things. |
| What is activation energy? | The energy needed to start a chemical reaction. |
| What happens to activation energy when an enzyme is present? | It lowers activation energy, making the reaction easier to start. |
| How do enzymes lower activation energy? | By helping molecules collide the right way or weakening bonds. |
| What is the active site? | The place on the enzyme where the substrate binds. |
| What is an enzyme-substrate complex? | When the substrate is attached to the enzyme’s active site. |
| What is the Lock and Key Model? | The substrate fits exactly into the enzyme. |
| What is the Induced Fit Model? | The enzyme changes shape slightly to fit the substrate. |
| What is denaturation? | When an enzyme loses its shape and stops working. |
| What can cause denaturation? | High temperatures or extreme pH. |
| Why does denaturation stop enzyme function? | The active site changes shape and can’t bind the substrate. |
| What happens if enzymes stop working in cells? | Reactions slow or stop, and cells or organisms can be harmed or die. |
| What happens to the enzyme after a reaction? | It stays the same and can be reused. |
| What enzyme source was used in the lab? | Potato (contains the enzyme catalase). |
| What was the substrate in the lab? | Hydrogen peroxide. |
| What was the starting temperature? | 19.4°C. |
| How long were potatoes soaked? | 5 minutes. |
| How long were potatoes in hydrogen peroxide? | 100 seconds. |
| What was the independent variable in the lab? | pH level (pH 2, pH 4, pH 14). |
| What was the dependent variable in the lab? | Temperature change. |
| What was the control group pH? | pH 4. |
| What happened in the control group (pH 4)? | Temperature increased by about 2.5°C. |
| What happened in the acid group (pH 2)? | Very little reaction; temperature changed about 0.1°C. |
| What happened in the base group (pH 14)? | The biggest reaction; temperature increased about 10°C. |
| What did the lab show about pH and enzymes? | pH affects how well enzymes work. |
| Why did low pH decrease enzyme activity? | The enzyme’s active site changed shape. |
| Why did the base show the strongest reaction? | The enzyme worked best at that pH. |
| Enzyme | A protein that speeds up reactions. |
| Substrate | The molecule the enzyme works on. |
| Active Site | The spot where the substrate attaches. |
| Catalyst | Something that speeds up a reaction. |
| Activation Energy | Energy needed to start a reaction. |
| Denaturation | When an enzyme loses its shape and stops working. |
| Product | What is made after the reaction. |
| What enzyme disease did you study? | Lactose intolerance. |
| What enzyme is missing in lactose intolerance? | Lactase |
| What does lactase do? | Breaks down lactose (milk sugar). |
| What happens if someone doesn’t have lactase? | They get stomach pain, gas, and diarrhea after eating dairy. |
Created by:
t.veracco