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L-SpineSacrumCoccyx

QuestionAnswer
Number of lumbar vertebrae and sacral vertebrae 5 lumbar, 5 sacral
body and vertebral arch - body (anterior) - vertebral arch (posterior) - formed by 2 pedicles and 2 laminae
pedicles project from where? posterior aspect of the body
laminae project from where? posteriorly and medially from pedicles
spinous processes project from where? posteriorly from junction of lamine
transverse process project from where? laterally from junction of laminae and pedicles
pedicle is concave to form what? vertebral notches
articulation of vertebral notches forms what? intervertebral foramina?
how many articular processes arise from junction of pedicles and laminae? two superior, two inferior
zygapophyseal joints are from vertebrae articulating where? above and below
vertebral disks composed of annulus fibrosus - outer, fibrocartilaginous disk nucleus pulposus - central, soft mass
vertebral column sections and curves cervical - lordosis (convex anteriorly) thoracic - kyphosis (concave anteriorly) lumbar - lordosis sacral - kyphosis
what is the pars interarticularis? part of lamina between articular processes
sacrum articulations with hip bones are called sacroiliac joints
sacrum is formed by fusion of five segments into curved, triangular bone
anatomical features of sacrum promontory - articular surface with lumbar 5 foramina - just be able to locate cornu - two small, horn-like bony projections extending downward from the posterior surface of the sacrum
pars articularis is visible where? in posterior
coccyx is formed by fusion of 3-5 rudimentary vertebrae
coccyx curves... inferiorly and anteriorly from articulation with sacrum
cornu of coccyx a horn-like bony projection located on the first segment of the coccyx (tailbone)
transverse process of coccyx small, rudimentary bony projections extending from the lateral sides of the coccygeal vertebrae
for L-spine, oblique views show what joints, and lateral views show what joints? oblique - zygapophyseal lateral - intervertebral
joints of the vertebral column 1 of 2: intervertebral - tissue, type, movement tissue - cartilaginous type - symphysis movement - slightly movable
joints of the vertebral column 2 of 2: zygapophyseal - tissue, type, movement tissue - synovial type - gliding movement - freely movable
intervertabral joints are between two vertebral bodies
zygapophyseal joints are between articular processes of the vertebral arches
xiphoid tip location (re: lumbar spine topographic landmarks) T9-10
lower costal margin location (re: lumbar spine topographic landmarks) L2-3
iliac crest location (re: lumbar spine topographic landmarks) L4-5
ASIS location (re: lumbar spine topographic landmarks) S1-2
AP lumbar spine - supine - legs flexed to reduce lumbar lordosis - CR centered to iliac crest (L4-L5) - Include T-12-S1 - demonstrates lumbar vertebral bodies, disc spaces, transverse processes
for lumbrosacral exams, the CR enters at iliac crests (L4), but for lumbar only, the CR enters where? 1.5" above iliac crests (L3)
evaluation criteria for AP or PA L-spine - T12-S1 included - no rotation - spinous processes centered to the bodies - SI joints equidistant from vertebral columns - collimation includes SI joints - psoas muscles
Lateral L-spine - knees flexed, arms forward - use sponge under waist to support spine - CR centered to L3 (level of lower costal margin) - include T-12-S1
lateral L-spine demonstrates what? intervertebral foramina
For lateral L-spine, if the spine is not horizontal, then do what? angle 5-8 degrees
evaluation criteria for lateral L spine - lower thoracic spine to coccyx - intervertebral joint spaces open - intervertebral foramina open - superimposed crests - spinous processes visible in profile
Created by: user-1998695
 

 



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