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AP world vocab 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| maternal feminism | Movement that claimed that women have value in society not because of an abstract notion of equality but because women have a distinctive and vital role as mothers; |
| steam engine | the great breakthrough of the Industrial Revolution, the coal-fired steam engine provided an almost limitless source of power and could be used to drive any number of machines as well as locomotives and ship, the introduction led to increase productivity |
| middle-class society | British social stratum developed in the nineteenth century, composed of small businessmen, doctors, lawyers, engineers, teachers, and other professionals |
| ideology of domesticity | A set of ideas and values that defined the ideal role of middle-class women in nineteenth-century Europe, focusing their activity on homemaking, child rearing, charitable endeavors |
| lower middle class | Social stratum that developed in Britain in the nineteenth century and that consisted of people employed in the service sector as clerks, salespeople, secretaries, police officers |
| laboring classes | The majority of Britain’s nineteenth-century population, which included manual workers in the mines, ports, factories, construction sites, workshops, and farms of Britain’s industrializing and urbanizing society; suffered the most and gained the least |
| Karl Marx | The most influential proponent of socialism, He was a German expatriate in England who advocated working-class revolution as the key to creating an ideal communist future. |
| Labour Party | British working-class political party established in the 1890s and dedicated to reforms and a peaceful transition to socialism, in time providing a viable alternative to the revolutionary emphasis of Marxism |
| socialism in the United States | Fairly minor political movement in the United States; at its height in 1912, it gained 6 percent of the vote for its presidential candidate. |
| Progressives | Followers of an American political movement in the period around 1900 that advocated reform measures such as wages-and-hours legislation to correct the ills of industrialization. |
| Russian Revolution of 1905, | Spontaneous rebellion that erupted in Russia after the country’s defeat at the hands of Japan in 1905; led to reforms |
| caudillos | Military strongmen who seized control of a government in nineteenth-century Latin America, and were frequently replaced |
| Latin American export boom | Large-scale increase in Latin American exports to industrializing countries in the second half of the nineteenth century, made possible by major improvements in shipping; the boom mostly benefited the upper and middle classes |
| Mexican Revolution | Long and bloody war (1910–1920) in which Mexican reformers from the middle class joined with workers and peasants to overthrow the dictator Porfirio Díaz and create a new, much more democratic political order |
| dependent development | Term used to describe Latin America’s economic growth in the nineteenth century, which was largely financed by foreign capital and dependent on European and North American prosperity and decisions; also viewed as a new form of colonialism |
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sandkyrie6