Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A&P Lecture 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Lymphatic System | a system of thin tubes and lymph nodes that run throughout the body. These tubes are called lymph vessels or lymphatic vessels |
| The LS is an important part of our immune system. It plays a role in: | fighting bacteria and other infections |
| Physical movement actually pumps | interstitial fluid (IF) |
| Lymphatic vessels | Overlapping endothelial cells direct flow of lymph |
| Main functions: | Fluid balance Lipid absorption Defense |
| What are the organs of the LS? | 1. Bone Marrow 2. Thymus 3. Lymph Nodes 4. Spleen 5. Lymphatic Vessels |
| Bone marrow- | home for stem cells that form both red and white blood cells |
| Thymus- | maturations of T cells |
| Lymph nodes- | filter Lymphatic fluid and house white blood cells (approx 800 nodes) |
| Spleen- | clearing defective cells from blood and fights infection Here red pulp (connective tissue and sinuses filled with blood) is filtered by white pulp (lymphocytes) |
| Lymphatic vessels- | thin walled tubes that carries lymph thus transporting cells and solutes between lymph nodes, lymphatic circulation or blood |
| Encapsulated lymphoid organs: | the organs previously mentioned are all encapsulated by a layer of connective tissue |
| If the structure is NOT encapsulated, it is considered | nonencapsulated lymphatic tissues |
| Example of a nonencapsulated LT | Tonsils |
| Tonsils | trapping and filtering bacteria and viruses that enter the body through the mouth or nose |
| Lymphatic capillaries and vessels remove | excess fluid from tissues forming lymph |
| Lymph nodes filter | lymph and house lymphocytes ready to find infection |
| Lacteals in small intestines absorb | lipids |
| Lymph from the body passes through | thoracic or right lymphatic ducts before entering blood |
| The spleen filter | blood and is location lymphocytes respond to infections |
| Lymphocytes originate | from bone marrow stem cells. |
| Pre-B cells mature in | marrow |
| Pre-T cells enter | blood and migrate into thymus |
| B and T cells from the blood enter and populate | all lymphatic tissue these cells can remain in lymph or pass into blood when needed |
| Immunity is | the ability to resist damage from foreign substances (microorganisms, toxins, or cancer cells) immunity is categorized as innate immunity and adaptive immunity |
| Innate immunity (also called nonspecific immunity) | where the body recognizes and destroys certain foreign substances, but the response to them is the same each time the body is exposes |
| Physical barriers | are the first line of defense and includes skin, mucous membranes, and secretions like sweat |
| Chemical mediators act to | destroy pathogens (complement, histamines, interferon |
| White blood cells | eat and destroy pathogens |
| Adaptive immunity (also called specific/acquired immunity) | where the body recognized and destroys foreign substances, but the response to these invaders is the faster and strong with each encounter |
| Cell-mediated immunity | are cytotoxic T lymphocytes that directly destroy pathogens and diseased cells |
| Antibody-mediated immunity | are B lymphocytes and the production of antibodies to fight against extracellular antigens |
| These adaptive immunity defense mechanisms are | acquired through a person's lifetime. |
| Each cell type must go through a maturation process whereby they become immunocompetent and self-tolerant | they become immunocompetent and self-tolerant |
| Immunocompetence is | the addition of receptors on the cell surface that recognize and bind to a specific antigen |
| Self-tolerance is | the cell’s ability to distinguish self from non-self |
| Pre-T cells | exit bone marrow and mature in thymus |
| Pre B cells | mature in the bone marrow then migrate to lymph nodes |
| Comparing innate and adaptive immune cells | B and T cells are the lymphocytes of adaptive immunity Substances that stimulate adaptive immunity are called antigens B cells make antibodies that are proteins specific to antigens |
| Antibody binding to an antigen | will induce antibody-mediated immunity |
| An antigen is | a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body by binding to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor. |
| A lymphocyte does not interact with an entire microbe, or an entire protein as an antigen. Rather it interacts with | specific regions of the antigen called epitopes or antigen determinants |
| Haptens are | small molecules that when bound to a carrier proteins, can resemble an antigen and cause an immune response (formation of an antibody or T-Cell receptor) |
| Example of a hapten | Poison ivy, allergic reactions |
| The variable (Sticky) domain of Abs is the | antigen-binding site. During development Pre-B cells make millions of B cells each with different variable sections of their Ab. |
| Antibodies (Abs) are | receptors specific to an antigen that are produced by B cells. Once a B cell is selected, it forms a plasma cells which secretes A |
| Abs can vary what | antigens they bind to AND what response they illicit after binding |
| A sticky end _______, and then there is an end that ______ | sees the antigen; illicits immunity |
| What can a T-Cell receptor (TCR) do | They can directly kill the antigen They can recruit phagocytic cells to eat certain pathogens This is cell-mediated immunity |
| Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Molecules: | cellular markers of self or foreign |
| A major responsibility of immune cells is to | verify the identity of the cells found in the body. |
| Two classes of MHC molecules are present in the body: | MHC class 1 and MHC class 2 |
| MHC class 1 display | endogenous antigens and are found in every cell of your body |
| MHC class 2 display | exogenous antigens and is found on antigen-presenting cells (APCS) |
| APCS include | macrophages B cells, and dendritic cells |
| MHC class 1 binds with | antigen to TCR and CD8 on cytotoxic T cells |
| MHC class 2 binds s | with antigen on TCR and CD4 on helper T cells |
Created by:
liladdoyle