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Chapter 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Learning Disabilty | |
| Minimal Brain Injury | |
| IQ-Achievement Discrepancy | |
| Must Permit | |
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | |
| Functional Magnetic Reasonance Imaging (fMRI) | |
| Functional Magnetic Resance Spectroscopy (fMRS) | |
| Position-Emission Tomography (PET) scan | |
| Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) | |
| Electroencephalograph (EEG) | |
| Left Temporal Lobe | An area on the left side of the brain; neuroimaging studies indicate it is responsbile for speech, language, and reading abilities and is dysfunctional in persons with reading disabilties. |
| Familiality Studies | |
| Phonological Recoding | |
| Toxins | |
| Heritability Studies | |
| Must Not Require | |
| National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities (NJCLD) | |
| Syntax | |
| Semantics | |
| Phonology | |
| Pragmatics | |
| Dyscalculia | Specific learning disabilites in mathematics. Not all mathematics disabilities are alike; individuals with dyscalculia may have difficulty with number sense, math computation, problem solving, etc. |
| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | A condition characterized by serve probelms of inattention; hyperactivity, and / or impulsivity; often found in people with learning disabiltiies |
| Working Memory (WM) | |
| Retrieval of Infomration from Long-Term Memory (RLTM) | |
| Executive Functioning (EF) | |
| Dyslexic | A term for reading disabilities; used more often by those in the medical profession than those who are educators |
| Self-Regulation | |
| Metacognition | |
| Comprehesion Monitoring | The ability to keep track of one's own comprehension of reading materials and to make adjustments to comprehend better while reading; often deficient in students with learning disabilities |
| Nonverbal Learnig Disabilities | |
| Locus of Control | |
| Learned Helplessness | |
| Self-Instruction | |
| Self-Monitoring | |
| Scaffolded Instruction | |
| Science of Reading | |
| Repeated Readings | |
| Content Enhancement | The modiciation of curriculum materials to make them more salient or prominent, e.g., graphic organizers and mnemonics |
| Graphic Organizer | |
| Mnemonics | |
| Directed Instruction | A method of teaching academics, especially reading and math; emphasizes drill and practice and immediate feedback; lessons are precisely sequenced, fast-paced, and well-rehearsed by the teacher |
| Task Analysis | |
| Classwide Peer Turoring (CWPT) | An instructional procedure in which all students i the class are invloved in tutoring and being tutored by classmates on specific skills as directed by their teacher |
| Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies (PALS) | |
| Curriculum-Based Measurements (CBM) | A formative evaluation method designed to evluate performance in the curriculum to which students are exposed |
| Baseline Data Point | Used in CBM; the beginning score gathered before an intervention begins, e.g., the number of correct words per minute that a student reads before receiving a fluency intervention |
| Expected Growth | |
| Aim Line | Used in CBM; based on expected growth norms, a line drawn from the baseline date point to the anticiapted end of instruction |
| Informal Reading Inentory (IRI) | |
| Transition Plan | |
| Summary of Performance |