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A4.1. Evolution and
A4.1. Evolution and Speciation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In order for speciation to occur, 2 groups to for must be ______________isolated. | reproductively |
| What is allopatric speciation? | Allopatric occurs when populations are physically separated by a geographic barrier (mountains, oceans, rivers). Example: A canyon splitting a population of squirrels. |
| What is sympatric speciation? | Sympatric speciation ocurs while populations live in the same geographic area. Ex. Insects switching to a new host plant in the same forest |
| Was the evolution of “Darwin’s finches” and example of allopatric or sympatric speciation? | The evolution of Darwin’s finches is a classic example of allopatric speciation. |
| the evolution of “Darwin’s finches” | Finches flew to different islands, became isolated by the ocean, and adapted to the specific food sources (seeds, cactus, insects) on those specific islands until they could no longer interbreed. |
| Define Adaptive radiation | Adaptive radiation is the rapid evolution of many diversely adapted species from a single common ancestor. |
| In what cases would Adaptive Radiation occur? | This usually happens when a change in the environment makes new resources available or creates new challenges (like a "blank slate" after a mass. |
| Define interspecific hybridization | The mating or crossing of two different species, usually within the same genus, to produce hybrid offspring. |
| Does interspecific hybridization produce new species? | Generally, no. Most interspecific hybrids (like mules) are sterile because their chromosomes don't match up during meiosis, meaning they are an evolutionary "dead end." |
| Does interspecific hybridization produce new species in plants? | In plants, hybridization followed by polyploidy can occasionally lead to a brand-new, fertile species |
| Is polyploidy more common in plants or animals? | Polyploidy is significantly more common in plants |
| Explain how polyploid organisms are created | ● Instead of the chromosomes separating properly into haploid cells (n), the chromosomes fail to separate. ● This results in a diploid gamete (2n). If that 2n gamete fuses with another 2n gamete, the offspring will be tetraploid (4n). |
| How do plant breeders take advantage of polyploid organisms? In other words, what advantages do they have in terms of food supply? SIZE | Larger Size: Polyploid plants often have larger cells, leading to bigger fruits, seeds, and flowers. |
| How do plant breeders take advantage of polyploid organisms? In other words, what advantages do they have in terms of food supply? SEEDS | b. Seedless Fruit: Triploid (3n) plants (like seedless watermelons or commercial bananas) cannot pair chromosomes correctly during meiosis, making them sterile and therefore seedless. |
| How do plant breeders take advantage of polyploid organisms? In other words, what advantages do they have in terms of food supply? RESILIENCE | c. Increased Resilience: Extra sets of chromosomes can sometimes make plants more resistant to disease or harsh environments. |
Created by:
Cocoalover