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ap psych quiz 4.8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| moro reflex | "startle response". child reacting defensively to stimuli (may or may not cry) |
| babinski reflex | curling toes to prepare to walk |
| palmar reflex | curling hands to strengthen motor neurons in fingers/hand/arms |
| rooting reflex | "hand on cheek" a child rubs their hands on their face to detect/process touch |
| secure attachment | confidence, self worth, accepts support |
| avoidant/dismissive attachment | distant, repressed emotion, avoids closeness & vulnerability |
| disorganized/preoccupied attachment | intense, push-pull, unpredictable |
| procedural memory | how to do things, unconscious & automatic (ex: typing, tying shoelaces) |
| semantic memory | general knowledge, de-contextualized facts (ex: knowing the alphabet & Paris is the capital of France) |
| primacy effect | the first part = what you remember the most (ex: remembering the start of a list better than the middle) |
| recency effect | best remembering the most recent info (ex: remembering the end of a list b/c you just saw it) |
| authoritarian parenting | strict, rigid rules, strong discipline over nurturing. result: low self esteem, anxiety, no social skills |
| permissive parenting | nurturing & loving, lack of rules & punishment "peerenting". result: impulsive, reckless kids who can't emotionally regulate |
| authoritative parenting | balanced! clear & valid rules, supportive & nurturing, encouragement of expression of opinions and emotions. result: high self esteem, confidence, emotional regulation & independence |
| accommodation | how we modify our understanding, like realizing a cat isn't a dog, even though both are four-legged animals. |
| object permanence | infants learn objects continue to exist even when hidden or out of sight |
| conservation | the understanding that the quantity, volume, or mass of an object remains the same, even when its appearance changes, given nothing is added or removed |
| assimilation | adding new items to an already established category, such as a child seeing a new dog breed and still calling it a "dog" |
| hypothetical thinking | the capacity to think about possibilities, not just reality ("what if") |
| phonemes | the smallest, distinct units of sound in a spoken language that distinguish one word from another |
| morphemes | smallest unit of language w/ meaning (ex: whole words = dog, run, happy, or suffix & prefix = un-, -s. -ed |
| syntax | Defines how phrases, clauses, and words are arranged (ex: english = SVO vs. japanese = SOV |
| algorithm | step-by-step procedures that = the right answer to a problem (ex: the recipe for baking a cake) |
| heuristic | a mental shortcut, "rule of thumb," or intuitive judgment that allows the brain to solve problems and make decisions quickly and efficiently |
| cognitive map | a mental picture or internal representation of a physical space |
| divergent thinking | creative problem solving, original ideas |
| functional fixedness | a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally intended. |
| anchoring | where people rely too heavily on the first piece of information they receive (the "anchor") when making decisions |
| cortisol | "stress hormone", boosts energy, focus & attentiveness, fight or flight helper |
| applications of approach/avoidance conflict | both attractive (positive) and unattractive (negative) aspects, causing hesitation, anxiety, and decision paralysis. ex: career choices (high pay vs. high stress) |
| applications of general adaptation syndrome | alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. Key applications include managing work/life burnout, developing fitness periodization |
Created by:
user-2008271