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Chapter2 child psych
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Freud | Development driven by unconscious sexual desires |
| Erikson | 8 stages, each with a crisis (trust vs mistrust, etc.) |
| Piaget | Children develop through stages of thinking; schemas |
| Schema | Mental structure for organizing information |
| Little scientist | Piaget’s idea that kids actively explore the world |
| Bandura | Children learn by modeling/imitation |
| Modeling | Copying behavior observed in others |
| Behaviorism | Learning through conditioning and reinforcement |
| Positive reinforcement | Add something good → behavior increases |
| Negative reinforcement | Remove something bad → behavior increases |
| Positive punishment | Add something bad → behavior decreases |
| Negative punishment | Remove something good → behavior decreases |
| Bronfenbrenner | Development shaped by environmental systems |
| Microsystem | Immediate setting (family, school) |
| Macrosystem | Cultural values, laws, beliefs |
| Chronosystem | Changes over time |
| Sensitive period | Best time to learn something |
| Critical period | Must occur for normal development |