Required 10% of voters to take a loyalty oath, offered lenient readmission, and created loyal state governments with limited emancipation enforcement.

Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan

Allowed quick restoration, voided secession, repudiated Confederate debts, required ratification of the 13th Amendment, and pardoned wealthy planters.

13th Amendment (1865)

Abolished slavery except as punishment for crime; freed four million people.

Southern laws restricting Black labor, movement, jury service, and testimony; created “slavery by another name.”

Civil Rights Act of 1866

First federal law defining citizenship and guaranteeing equal rights.

Reconstruction Acts (1867)

Divided South into five military districts and required new constitutions and Black male suffrage.

14th Amendment (1868)

Granted citizenship to all born in the U.S. and guaranteed equal protection and due process.

15th Amendment (1870)

Prohibited voting discrimination based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

White southern Republicans (derisive term).

Northerners who moved South during Reconstruction (derisive term).

Sherman’s Field Order No. 15

Promised land to freedpeople but later reversed by Congress.

Federal agency aiding formerly enslaved people with food, labor contracts, and education.

Organization uniting abolitionists and suffragists before splitting over the 14th and 15th Amendments.

NWSA (National Woman Suffrage Association

Formed by Stanton and Anthony after women were excluded from the 15th Amendment.

Vigilante group targeting Black voters and officeholders to restore white supremacy.

White mobs attacked Black residents and officials.

New Orleans Riot (1866)

Violent attack on a pro-Reconstruction political meeting.

Colfax Massacre (1873)

Deadliest Reconstruction-era racial massacre; white militia killed dozens of Black men.

Enforcement Acts (1870–71)

Federal laws criminalizing interference with civil rights; weakened by 1876.

Opened western lands to settlers.

Transcontinental Railroad

Major federal infrastructure project linking the nation.

Strategy using violence to suppress Black voters.

Democrats accepted Hayes as president in exchange for removal of federal troops from the South.

Withdrawal of Federal Troops (1877)

Marked the end of Reconstruction and return of white Democratic control.

Achievements of Reconstruction

13th, 14th, 15th Amendments; citizenship rights; public schools; Black political participation.

Failures of Reconstruction

No land reform, unchecked racial violence, rise of Jim Crow, loss of federal protection.

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Reconstruction

Mod Amr History

Question	Answer
Lincoln’s 10% Plan	Required 10% of voters to take a loyalty oath, offered lenient readmission, and created loyal state governments with limited emancipation enforcement.
Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan	Allowed quick restoration, voided secession, repudiated Confederate debts, required ratification of the 13th Amendment, and pardoned wealthy planters.
13th Amendment (1865)	Abolished slavery except as punishment for crime; freed four million people.
Black Codes	Southern laws restricting Black labor, movement, jury service, and testimony; created “slavery by another name.”
Civil Rights Act of 1866	First federal law defining citizenship and guaranteeing equal rights.
Reconstruction Acts (1867)	Divided South into five military districts and required new constitutions and Black male suffrage.
14th Amendment (1868)	Granted citizenship to all born in the U.S. and guaranteed equal protection and due process.
15th Amendment (1870)	Prohibited voting discrimination based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Scalawags	White southern Republicans (derisive term).
Carpetbaggers	Northerners who moved South during Reconstruction (derisive term).
Sherman’s Field Order No. 15	Promised land to freedpeople but later reversed by Congress.
Freedmen’s Bureau	Federal agency aiding formerly enslaved people with food, labor contracts, and education.
AERA (1866)	Organization uniting abolitionists and suffragists before splitting over the 14th and 15th Amendments.
NWSA (National Woman Suffrage Association	Formed by Stanton and Anthony after women were excluded from the 15th Amendment.
Ku Klux Klan (1866)	Vigilante group targeting Black voters and officeholders to restore white supremacy.
Memphis Riot (1866)	White mobs attacked Black residents and officials.
New Orleans Riot (1866)	Violent attack on a pro-Reconstruction political meeting.
Colfax Massacre (1873)	Deadliest Reconstruction-era racial massacre; white militia killed dozens of Black men.
Enforcement Acts (1870–71)	Federal laws criminalizing interference with civil rights; weakened by 1876.
Homestead Act	Opened western lands to settlers.
Transcontinental Railroad	Major federal infrastructure project linking the nation.
Mississippi Plan	Strategy using violence to suppress Black voters.
Compromise of 1877	Democrats accepted Hayes as president in exchange for removal of federal troops from the South.
Withdrawal of Federal Troops (1877)	Marked the end of Reconstruction and return of white Democratic control.
Achievements of Reconstruction	13th, 14th, 15th Amendments; citizenship rights; public schools; Black political participation.
Failures of Reconstruction	No land reform, unchecked racial violence, rise of Jim Crow, loss of federal protection.

Created by: Landon02Ham

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