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Microbio L4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Eukaryotes: | uni- and multicellular organisms with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles Can reproduce asexually or sexually |
| Endosymbiotic Theory: | the ancestor of eukaryotes engulfed a prokaryote that underwent reductive evolution to become an organelle (mitochondria) Happened again for chloroplasts |
| Mitosis: | one round of division; makes identical daughter cells (with same amount of DNA) ASEXUAL reproduction- cloning |
| Meiosis: | two rounds of division, makes daughter cells with half the amount of DNA SEXUAL reproduction- gametes undergo fusion, creates diversity |
| What are the 4 kingdoms of eukaryotes? | 1. Animilia 2. Plantae 3. Fungi 4. Protista |
| Animalia | Multicellular, not usually microscopic (although pre-mature forms can be) Helminths: parasitic worms, microscopic eggs/larvae Round vs flat worms Many arthropods act as vectors Animals that carry and spread infectious microbes |
| Plantae | Multicellular, perform photosynthesis Have cellulose cell walls Have chloroplasts Do not cause infectious disease!! But microbes may live on their surface/within |
| Fungi | Mostly multicellular (yeasts are uni), absorb nutrient from the environment (saprobes) Cell walls made of chitin Grow as hyphae: root-like system Can be septate or aseptate |
| Fungal Spores | Reproduce by releasing diverse spores Can be made via sexual or asexual reproduction Not as hardy as prokaryotic spores |
| Fungal Diseases | Most fungi don’t cause disease Many are useful! Food, medicine Some other cause disease only in weakened individuals Opportunistic pathogens, like yeast Some are true pathogens ringworm Some create potent toxins (but are not infectious) |
| Protists | Extremely diverse, single/multi celled (or colonial), sexual or asexual, some cell walls some not, some photosynthesize some not Example: slime molds, algae, kelp Protozoans: heterotrophic, no cell wall, unicellular Potential to infect |
| Protozoans: | heterotrophic, no cell wall, unicellular Potential to infect Example: toxoplasmosis, giardia, malaria, and more |
| What are the 4 types of Protozoans? | 1. Amoeboid 2. Flagellated 3. Cilliated 4. Spore Forming |
| Amoeboids | Move pseudopods (like reaching out with their arms and legs) Push cytoplasm and pull themselves forwards Phagocytosis (discuss shortly) |
| Flagellates | Move using flagella- long tails |
| Ciliates | Move using cilia Like many shorter flagella Have a specialized “mouth” structure |
| Spore Formers (Apicomplexans) | Move by gliding Obligate parasites, complex life cycles Have a spore like form called merozoites Use vectors to spread CAN’T LIVE ON THEIR OWN |
| Phagocytosis: | taking in large food particles, fusing with digestive vesicles (lysosome) |
| Exocytosis: | used to secrete things and repair the membrane |
| Endocytosis: | a process in which a cell takes in materials from the outside by engulfing and fusing them with its plasma membrane |
| Do animal cells have cell walls? | NO |
| Do plant cells have cell walls? | YES |
| Do fungi cells have cell walls? | YES |
| Do protista cells have cell walls? | most do not have a cell wall, some have cell walls made of minerals |
| Eukaryotic Glycocalix | Exterior sugars, for defense and sticking to things For multicellular organisms, also important for tissue development |
| Motility of Eukaryotic? | Flagella and cilia |
| How doe Eukaryotic cells move their flagellas? | WHIP LIKE |
| The ribosomes of a Eukaryotic cell are ______ than a Prokaryotic cell | BIGGER |
| Name some Eukaryotic Organelles? | - Mitochondria - Golgi Apparatus - Lysosomes - Ribosomes - Chloroplasts -Nucleus - ER - |
Created by:
liladdoyle