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HBS #7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three layers of the blood vessels? | Tunic externa, tunic media, and tunic intima. |
| What is the tunic externa? | The outer layer of a blood vessel, made up of mostly fibrous connective tissue. |
| What is the tunic media? | The thick middle layer of the blood vessels that are made of smooth muscle and are controlled by sympathetic nervous system. |
| What is the tunic intima? | The innermost, thinnest layer of the blood vessels, made up of endothelium. |
| What is lumen? | The large channel where blood flows back to the heart. |
| What are the differences between the arteries and veins? | Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, and veins carry deozgyenated blood to the heart. The walls of the arteries are the thickest, the lumens of the veins are larger, larger veins have valves to prevent black flow. |
| What do arterioles do? | They are the small blood vessels that regulate blood flood into capillary beds. |
| What do capillaries do? | The smallest blood vessels that link arteries and veins to facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products. |
| What do venules do? | Small blood vessels that collect things from the capillaries and transport it into larger veins. |
| What role do valves serve in veins? | They ensure blood flows toward the heart and that there is no backflow and no blood pooling. |
| What is occurring in a varicose vein? | Blood stops flowing through a vein and builds up and pools, which creates a building vein. |
| What do coronary arteries do? | They deliver oxygen rich blood to the heart. |
| What is a pulse? | The throbbing of arteries as blood is pushed through them by the heart's contraction. |
| Why is it good to have a low resting heart rate? | It allows for good exercising capacity and helps with healthy aging. |
| What is blood pressure? | The amount of force your blood uses to get through your arteries. |
| What is the systolic number? | The top number that measures the arteries when the heart beats and pumps blood. |
| What is the diastolic number? | The bottom lower number that measures the arteries when the heart is at rest. |
| What is a good blood pressure number? | 120/80 mmHg. |
| What is cardiac output? | The total volume of blood the heart pumps per minute. |
| What is the formula for cardiac output? | heart rate * stroke volume |
| What are the major pulse points in the body? | Radial, carotid, brachial, femoral, popliteral, temporal, dorsalis pedis |
| How do you calculate cardiac output? What is it in hours, days, years, and years? | heart rate * stroke volume, convert from mL to L, multiply by the correct number. Hour = 351 L/hr, Day - 8424 L/day, Year - 3,074,760 L/year |
| What is the difference between PAD and CAD and how can they be prevented? | Coronary artery disease - condition caused by plaque buildup (atherosclerosis) in the arteries, which eventually blocks blood flow to the heart. Peripheral Artery Disease - caused by atherosclerosis where there's plaque buildup in arteries in the legs. |
| When a person has bradycardia, how does it affect their cardiac output and the ability of their body to provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide? | It decreases their cardiac output because the heart pumps blood less frequently. It limits the speed at which oxygenated blood reaches tissues and deoxgyenated blood returns to the lungs. |
| What does Right ABI equal? | higher of the right ankle pressure / higher arm pressure. |
| What does left ABI equal? | higher of the left ankle pressure / higher arm pressure. |
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