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Microbio L2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atoms: | composed of a proton and neutron core, with an electron cloud |
| Change proton count= | different elements |
| Change neutron count= | different isotope |
| Change electron count= | different charged ion |
| Cation | + |
| Anion | - |
| Most common symbols to know for this class: | C, H, O, N, P, S, Na, K, Ca, Cl, Fe |
| Organic: | contains BOTH carbon and hydrogen (C and H) |
| Inorganic: | does not contain both C and H |
| Most important functional groups for this class: | Alcohol Amie Ester Phosphate |
| pH Scale | Measures acidity |
| Ionic bonds: | transfer of electrons causes charged ions to form, and opposite charges attract |
| Covalent bonds: | sharing of electrons between atoms |
| Unequal sharing leads to | polar covalent bonds |
| Hydrogen Bonding | Not really a bond Occurs between polar molecules |
| Hydrophilic: | EASILY dissolves in water (polar) |
| Hydrophobic: | does NOT dissolve in water (nonpolar) |
| Amphipathic Molecules | Some large molecules have regions that are polar and regions that are nonpolar |
| Synthesis | to build When water is removed: dehydration synthesis |
| Decomposition | To break When water is added: hydrolysis |
| With the right energy/conditions, many reactions are | reversible!! |
| Exergonic: | release a ton of energy (heat) Usually decomposition |
| Endergonic: | absorb energy Usually synthesis |
| 4 types of macromolecules | 1. carbs 2. lipids 3. nucleic acids 4. proteins |
| Carbohydrates | Molecules made of one or more sugars (made of C:H:O with a 2:1 ratio of C to H) Mono vs di vs polysaccharides Monosaccharides important for energy Polysaccharides important for energy storage and structure |
| Lipids | Fats, oils, waxes, and steroids (lack 2:1 ratio of C to H) Mostly hydrophobic, can be amphipathic Important for structure, energy sources, and cell signaling |
| Saturated: | all C-C single bonds SOLID |
| Unsaturated: | at least one C=C double bond LIQUID |
| Nucleotides | Composed of a phosphate group, a sugar ring, and a nitrogenous base If sugar is ribose, can make RNA If sugar is deoxyribose, can make DNA Important for information storage |
| Amino Acids | Made of an amine, a carboxyl, and an R group Can come together in dehydration synthesis to form short peptide chains, or longer polypeptide proteins Proteins are the workhorse of the cell Structure, enzymes, signaling, transport etc |
Created by:
liladdoyle