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Chemistry Ch. 8
Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Covalent bond | the chemical bond that results from sharing valence electrons |
| Molecule | formed when two or more atoms bond covalently |
| Lewis structure | an electron-dot diagram that represents the arrangement of electrons in a molecule |
| sigma bond | another name for single covalent bonds - occurs when the pair of shared electrons is in an area centered between the two atoms |
| pi bond | forms when parallel orbitals overlap and share electrons |
| endothermic reaction | occurs when a greater amount of energy is required to break the existing bonds in the reactants than is released when the new bonds form in the products. |
| exothermic reaction | occurs when more energy is released during product bond formation than is required to break bonds in the reactants |
| oxyacid | an acid that contains both a hydrogen atom and an oxyanion |
| structural formula | uses letter symbols and bonds to show relative positions of atoms |
| resonance | a condition that occurs when more than one valid Lewis structure can be written for a molecule or ion |
| coordinate covalent bond | forms when one atom donates both of the electrons to be shared with an atom or ion that needs two electrons to form a stable electron arrangement with lower potential energy |
| VSEPR model (Valence, Shell, Electron, Pair, Repulsion model) | the model used to determine the shape of a molecule |
| hybridization | a process in which atomic orbitals mix and form new, identical hybrid orbitals |
| polar covalent bond | a type of chemical bond where atoms are not shared equally |
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