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Geo
Chapter 5.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Give three examples of non renewable energy resources | Oil,coal,gas |
| Give three examples of renewable energy resources | biomass,geothermal,wind, |
| What are fossil fuels and name two uses for it | Fossil fuels are made from decomposing plants and animals,used for electricity,transport,they are worlds largest energy source |
| Name two advantages of oil | No smoke Produces great heat Efficient |
| Name 2 disadvantages of oil | Expensive Oil leaks in the sea from when these are being transported can cause serious pollution |
| Who sets oil prices | Oil prices are set by OPEC, |
| When would oil prices fall | If there is a lot of oil available |
| When would oil prices rise | If it is difficult to assess oil due to conflicts in oil producing countries. |
| Why does Ireland not exploit its oil reserves despite using oil a lot,give two reasons | Location of oil reserves makes it difficult to drill for oil Oil may not be of high quality. |
| In 2021, what did Irish government due | The law for no new licenses to be given to companies for the exploitation and extraction of oil,companies that already had listened before weren’t affected,but no new listens were given out. |
| What is gas used mostly for | To generate electricity |
| Name one gas field | Kinsale head gas field,located off coast of co. Cork. |
| What where 2 economic impacts of coffin gas field | Gas fields are expensive to develop Direct employment |
| Name two social impacts of Corbin gas field | Creation of local jobs mean migration from area is not so common Company respinsibke for operating the corrrib gas field gives grants to local projects annually, |
| Name two environmental impacts of coffin gas fields, | Concerns of safety,e,g fear of an explosion along route of the onshore pipe People worry that release of carbon into atmosphere in rural area negatively impacts on environment |
| What is peat made up of | Peat is a fuel made up decayed plants and other organic matter found in bogs, |
| Explain HEP | HEP is the creation of electricity by using the force of falling water, |
| What is the process of HEP ,step 1. | Building concrete walll called a dam across river,trapping and controlling flow of water |
| Process of HEP step 2. | Water builds up behind dam,forms reservoir,the reservoir then acts as a supply of water for HEP production. |
| Step 3 HEP process | When part of dam is opened,water rushes through. |
| HEP process step four | The water is used to turn a turbine |
| What is a turbine | A machine where liquid(water) or gas (wind) flows through and turns a wheel with blades in order to generate electricity. |
| Give an example of HEP places | Iniscarra Dam in co.cork. |
| What do HEP stations need? ,name three | Climate,slop,bedrock |
| Explain climate | HEP stations need to be situated in areas with high levels of rainfall |
| Explain slope | A HEP station needs to be built where there is a drop in the course of the river the drop causes water to flow quickly |
| Explain bedrock | The reservoir behind the dam of a HEP station must be build on impermeable bedrock,so the water in reservoir does not seep away and remains as a constant water supply. |
| Explain wind energy | The force of wind used to turn turbines and create electricity |
| What are modern wind turbines | Very large in size,grouped together on what is called a wind farm. |
| What is the main disadvantage of wind evpnevert | A constant supply of wind is needed so locations of wind farms have to be chosen carefully,and they are very expensive to construct. |
| Where are wind farms located | On land or offshore |
| What do offshore wind farms benefit from | Stringer and mire consistent winds,there is also less resistance from local people as they are out at sea and there is plenty of open space to build them, |
| Explain solar energy | Solar energy is creating using heat + light from sun, |
| How is solar energy used | Solar cells on solar panels capture the heat and light,convert this to electricity, |
| Explain geothermal energy | Geothermal energy is created using the heat from eats crust |
| Explain step 1 in process of geothermal energy | Water pumped into earths crust heated by rocks |
| Step 2 geo energy | Heated water pumped back to surface,used to heat homes |
| Step 3 geothermal energy | Hot water can be converted to steam,used to turn turbines and generate electric |
| Where is geothermal energy used,give an example | Geothermal energy can be exploited in areas where there is volcanic acitivity e,g Iceland. |
| What is global warming | The increase in temperature of earth due to human activities like burning fossil fuels. |
| What does the burning of fossil fuels cause | Increase in greenhouse gases,which traps the suns heat in atmosphere,causes temperatures to rise. |
| How is acid rain formed? | Acid rain is formed when gases from the burning of fossil fuels mix with water vapour, |
| Explain the process of acid rain | The gases sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are released in atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned In cars ,factors ect, |
| What do these gasses do | these gases combine with water vapour in atmosphere,fall as acid rain |
| What is ph value | Scale of measurement of how acidic or alkaline a substance is, |
| Ph value of water | 7, is neutral, |
| Name two problems caused by acid rain | Acid rain washes nutrients from the soil,stops crops from growing causing farmers to have to use more fertilizers Acid rain can wipe out fish stocks |
| Explain how acid rain can wipe out fish stocks | Because fish cannot reproduce is water in lake is too acidic. |
| Name some solutions to acid rain,name two, | Use more renewable,clean energy resources e.g HEP Use filters on coal and oil power stations to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions. |
| Give an example of an area with a acid rain problem | Asia,especially china. |
| What is smog | Smog is pollution that occurs when smoke from burning fossil fuels mixed with sunlight and heat, also common in china . |
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