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cells
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic |
| Osmosis | A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane. |
| Cell Theory | a fundamental, widely accepted scientific principle stating that all living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the basic structural and functional units of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells |
| Cell Wall | a rigid or semi-rigid, protective outer layer located outside the plasma membrane in plant cells, fungi, bacteria, algae, and some archaea |
| Cell Membrane | a thin, flexible, semipermeable barrier that surrounds all living cells, separating the cytoplasm from the external environment. |
| Nucleus | The central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth. |
| Organelle | Any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell. |
| Ribosome | A minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins. |
| Nucleic Acid | a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain. |
| Selectively Permeable | es a membrane's ability to allow certain molecules or ions to pass through while restricting others, regulating the internal environment of a cell to maintain homeostasis |
| Cytoplasm | The material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus |
| Mitochondria | An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | a vital eukaryotic organelle comprising an interconnected network of membrane-enclosed sacs (cisternae) and tubules that extends from the nuclear envelope throughout the cytoplasm |
| Golgi Apparatus | s a membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for secretion or delivery to other organelles |
| Chloroplast | (in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place. |
| Lysosome | An organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane. |
| DNA | A self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. |
| Passive Transport | the movement of ions and molecules across a cell membrane from a region of higher concentration to a lower concentration (down their concentration gradient) without requiring cellular energy (ATP). |
| Active Transport | is the energy-dependent process by which cells move molecules or ions across a membrane against a concentration gradient |
| Diffusion | The spreading of something more widely. |
| Tissue | Any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products. |
| Organ | A part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function, such as the heart or liver in humans. |
| Organ System | a specialized, functional group of organs and tissues in a multicellular organism that work together to perform complex, essential bodily functions |
| Endocytosis | The taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole. |
| Exocytosis | A process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane. |
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