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vocab VVW cells
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | a small room in which a prisoner is locked up or in which a monk or nun sleeps |
| Cytoplasm | the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus |
| tissue | any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products |
| Osmosis | a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane |
| Organ | a part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function |
| Cell Theory | a foundational biological principle stating that all living organisms are composed of one or more cells |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | a vital, continuous membrane network of sacs (cisternae) and tubules within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells |
| Organ System | a biological,, functional group of two or more organs that work together to perform specific, complex tasks and essential bodily functions |
| Cell Wall | a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria |
| Endocytosis | an essential active transport process where eukaryotic cells engulf extracellular fluids, molecules, or particles by invaginating their plasma membrane to form internal vesicles |
| Golgi Apparatus | a eukaryotic organelle composed of stacked, membrane-bound cisternae that functions as the cell's "post office" |
| Endocytosis | an essential active transport process where eukaryotic cells engulf extracellular fluids, molecules, or particles by invaginating their plasma membrane to form internal vesicles |
| Cell Membrane | a selectively permeable lipid bilayer that surrounds all cells, separating the cytoplasm from the external environment |
| Chloroplast | A chloroplast is a type of organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells |
| Exocytosis | an active transport process where cells use energy to export large molecules |
| Nucleus | the cell's command center, a membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that houses the cell's DNA |
| Lysosome | an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane |
| Organelle | any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell |
| DNA | a double-helix molecule found in the nucleus of cells (and mitochondria) that acts as the genetic instruction manual for the growth, function, and reproduction of living organisms |
| Ribosome | essential molecular machines, composed of RNA and protein |
| Passive Transport | energy-independent movement of substances across cell membranes along a concentration gradient (high to low concentration) |
| Nucleic Acid | Nucleic acids are essential biological macromolecules—primarily DNA and RNA—that store, transmit, and express genetic information in all living organisms and viruses |
| Active Transport | the energy-dependent process of moving molecules or ions across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient |
| Selectively Permeable | a biological or synthetic barrier that allows specific molecules and ions to pass through while blocking others |
| Diffusion | the natural, passive movement of particles (atoms, molecules, ions) from a high-concentration area to a low-concentration area, spreading out until evenly distributed, driven by random thermal motion and requiring no external energy |
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