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Sci vocab week 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | A cell is the fundamental structural, functional, and biological unit of all living organisms, often described as the building block of life. |
| Osmosis | Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules (solvent) across a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration (low solute concentration) to a region of lower water concentration (high solute concentration). |
| Cell theory | The three core principles of cell theory state that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life (structure and function), and all cells come from pre-existing cells. |
| Cell wall | A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid, non-living, and permeable outer layer that surrounds the plasma membrane of plant, fungus, algae, and bacterial cells. |
| Cell membrane | Cell Membrane: Definition, Structure, & Functions with DiagramThe cell membrane (plasma membrane) is a thin, flexible, semipermeable barrier that surrounds all living cells, separating the cytoplasm from the external environment. |
| Nucleus | the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth. |
| Organelle | Any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell. |
| Ribosome | Ribosomes are essential molecular machines, composed of RNA and protein, that function as the primary sites of protein synthesis (translation) in all living cells. |
| Nucleic Acid | a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain. |
| Selectively Permeable | Selectively Permeable Definition and ExamplesA selectively permeable membrane is a biological barrier, such as a cell membrane, that allows specific ions and molecules to pass through while restricting others. |
| Cytoplasm | the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. |
| Mitochondria | Mitochondria, known as the "powerhouse of the cell", are specialized organelles found in most eukaryotic cells that generate over 90% of the body's energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous, membrane-enclosed network of sacs and tubes in eukaryotic cells that functions as a manufacturing, packaging, and transportation system. |
| Golgi Apparatus | The Golgi apparatus (or Golgi complex) functions as the cell's "post office" or manufacturing hub, responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids received from the cell. |
| Chloroplast | A chloroplast is a specialized, double-membrane organelle (plastid) found in plant and algae cells that conducts photosynthesis. It contains chlorophyll, which absorbs sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and chemical. |
| Lysosome | an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane. |
| DNA | A biological matter in every person/being. |