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cell vocabulary
cells
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | A cell is the smallest unit of life that can carry out all life processes. It is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all living organisms, composed of a membrane-bound unit containing fundamental molecules of life. |
| tissue | any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products |
| osmosis | a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one |
| organ | a part of an organism which is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function |
| cell theory | Cell theory is a fundamental biological principle stating that all living organisms are composed of cells, that the cell is the basic unit of life, and that all cells arise from pre-existing cells. |
| organ system | An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform specific functions essential for the survival and health of an organism. |
| cell wall | A cell wall in life science is defined as a rigid or semi-rigid structural layer that surrounds certain cells, located just outside the cell membrane |
| endocytosis | Endocytosis is the process by which a cell actively engulfs substances from its external environment by folding its membrane to form vesicles. |
| cell membrane | The cell membrane is a thin, flexible layer that surrounds a cell, acting as a barrier and gatekeeper to control what enters and leaves the cell. |
| Exocytosis | Exocytosis is a cellular process in which substances are transported out of the cell via vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing their contents into the extracellular environment. |
| nucleus | the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth |
| organelle | any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell |
| ribosome | a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins. |
| nucleic acid | a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain. |
| selectively permeable | The term selectively permeable refers to a membrane that allows the passage of some molecules or ions while inhibiting the passage of others. |
| cytoplasm | Cytoplasm is the gel-like substance within a cell that surrounds the nucleus and organelles, providing a medium for cellular processes and structural support. |
| Mitochondria | an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner part being folded inwards to form layers (cristae) |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis. |
| Golgi Apparatus | The Golgi apparatus is a membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for modifying, packaging, and transporting proteins and lipids to their proper destinations. |
| Chloroplast | a plastid in green plant cells which contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place. |
| Lysosome | an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane. |
| DNA | a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. |
| Passive Transport | Passive transport is defined as the movement of ions and other atomic or molecular substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without any energy input. |
| Active Transport | Active transport is the energy-dependent movement of substances across a cell membrane from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration, against their concentration gradient. |
| Diffusion | the spreading of something more widely |
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