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Stack #4626226
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | the smallest, basic unit of life that is responsible for all of life's processes |
| Osmosis | the passive movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration (high water potential) to a region of higher solute concentration (low water potential). |
| Cell Theory | all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells |
| Cell Wall | a tough, protective outer layer outside the cell membrane that provides structural support, shape, and protection to cells in plants, fungi, bacteria, and algae, preventing them from bursting from excess water intake while allowing nutrients to pass threw |
| Cell Membrane | a selectively permeable lipid bilayer that surrounds all cells, separating the cytoplasm from the external environment. |
| Nucleus | the cell's command center, a membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that houses the cell's DNA, controls cell activities like growth and reproduction, and separates genetic material from the cytoplasm, allowing for complex gene regulation. |
| Organelle | a specialized structure within a cell that performs specific jobs, much like organs do in the body, carrying out essential functions like generating energy (mitochondria), storing DNA (nucleus), or building proteins (ribosomes) to keep the cell alive |
| Ribosome | essential molecular machines, composed of RNA and protein, that function as the primary sites of protein synthesis (translation) in all living cells |
| Nucleic Acid | essential macromolecules that store, transmit, and express genetic information |
| Selectively Permeable | a biological or synthetic barrier that allows specific molecules and ions to pass through while blocking others, |
| Cytoplasm | the jelly-like cytosol, various organelles (like mitochondria, ribosomes, ER, Golgi), and the cytoskeleton, |
| Mitochondria | organelles in eukaryotic cells that produce most of the cell's energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | a continuous, membrane-enclosed network of sacs and tubes in eukaryotic cells that functions as a manufacturing, packaging, and transportation system |
| Golgi Apparatus | something resembling a stack of pita bread. |
| Chloroplast | a specialized organelle in plant and algae cells, containing chlorophyll, that performs photosynthesis, converting sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose (energy/food) and oxygen |
| Lysosome | an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane. |
| DNA | the hereditary molecule that contains the genetic instructions for an organism's development, functioning, and reproduction |
| Passive Transport | energy-independent movement of substances across cell membranes along a concentration gradient (high to low concentration). I |
| Active Transport | the energy-dependent process of moving molecules or ions across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient |
| Diffusion | the natural, passive movement of particles (atoms, molecules, ions) from a high-concentration area to a low-concentration area, spreading out until evenly distributed, driven by random thermal motion and requiring no external energy, |
| Tissue | a group of similar cells and their extracellular matrix, originating from the same embryonic layer, that work together to perform specific, specialized functions in organisms |
| Organ | a specialized, functional collection of tissues (such as heart, lungs, liver, or skin) that performs specific life-sustaining tasks within a multicellular organism. |
| Organ System | a group of organs working together to perform complex, specialized functions for an organism. |
| Endocytosis | a cellular process where the plasma membrane engulfs external materials to form vesicles, bringing substances like proteins, fluids, or particles into the cell |
| Exocytosis | an active transport process where cells use energy to export large molecules, such as proteins and neurotransmitters, by fusing intracellular vesicles with the plasma membrane |
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