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cell vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell | the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism |
| Osmosis | process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one |
| Cell Theory | a foundational, unifying principle in biology stating that all living organisms are composed of one or more cells |
| Cell Wall | a rigid or semi-rigid, non-living, and permeable outer layer that surrounds the plasma membrane of plant, fungus, algae, and bacterial cells |
| Cell Membrane | a thin, flexible, semipermeable barrier that surrounds all living cells, separating the cytoplasm from the external environment |
| Nucleus | the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth |
| Organelle | any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell |
| Ribosome | a complex cellular machine made of RNA and protein that acts as the primary site of protein synthesis in all living cells |
| Nucleic Acid | a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain |
| Selectively Permeable | a biological barrier, such as a cell membrane, that allows specific ions and molecules to pass through while restricting others |
| Cytoplasm | the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. |
| Mitochondria | small, membrane-bound organelles found in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, acting as the "powerhouse of the cell" |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | a vast, interconnected network of membrane-enclosed sacs and tubules found in eukaryotic cells that acts as a manufacturing and transport system |
| Golgi Apparatus | a cell organelle that acts as the "post office" or shipping center of the cell |
| Chloroplast | a specialized, green-pigmented organelle found in plant cells and algae that acts as the site of photosynthesis |
| Lysosome | a small, membrane-bound organelle found in animal cells that acts as the cell's "garbage disposal" or digestive system |
| DNA | the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, function, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms |
| Passive Transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, requiring no energy |
| Active Transport | the process of moving molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the natural concentration gradient |
| Diffusion | the natural, passive movement of particle from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| Tissue | a group of similar cells and their surrounding materials that work together to perform a specific function in an organism |
| Organ | a specialized structure made of different tissues that work together to perform a specific function within an organism |
| Organ System | a group of anatomical organs and structures that work together to perform one or more specific, complex functions for an organism |
| Endocytosis | an active transport process where a cell takes in molecules, fluids, or particles from its outside environment by engulfing them with its plasma membrane |
| Exocytosis | the active, energy-requiring process by which cells move large molecules, waste, or proteins from the inside of the cell to the outside |
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user-2020436