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Chapter 7 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Epiphysis | the expanded, bulbous end of a long bone, which typically articulates with another bone and contains spongy bone and red marrow |
| articular cartilage | a thin layer of hyaline cartilage converting the epiphysis where it forms a joint, serving to reduce friction and act as a shock absorber |
| diaphysis | the main, tubular, cylindrical shaft of a long bone, composed primarily of compact bone |
| periosteum | A dense, fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bones (except at joints) that contains blood vessels, nerves, and osteogenic cells |
| compact bone | Dense, hard bone tissue that forms the outer wall of the diaphysis and a thin layer over the epiphyses |
| spongy bone | Porous bone tissue located inside the epiphyses, characterized by a network of bony plates |
| trabeculae | Tiny, branching bony plates that form the lattice-like network of spongy bone |
| osteocytes | Mature bone cells located within lacunae (small spaces) in the matrix, responsible for maintaining bone tissue |
| intramembranous bone | Bone formed directly within fibrous connective tissue membranes, common in flat bones of the skull |
| Osteblasts | Bone-forming cells that secrete the matrix of bone, eventually becoming trapped and turning into osteocytes |
| endochondral bones | Bone formed by replacing a hyaline cartilage model, characteristic of most bones in the skeleton |
| ossification | The process of bone formation, where cartilage or mesenchymal tissue is replaced by osseous tissue |
| osteoclasts | Cells responsible for bone resorption (breaking down bone matrix) during growth, remodeling, and repair |
| hematopiesis | The process of blood cell production, occurring in the red marrow within spongy bone |
| hemoglobin | The iron-containing, oxygen-transporting protein within red blood cells, which are produced in the red bone marrow |
| condyle | A large, rounded knuckle-like projection that usually articulates with another bone |
| crest | A prominent, narrow ridge of bone that serves as a site for muscle attachment |
| epicondyle | A projection situated on or superior to a condyle; used for muscle attachment |
| facet | A small, shallow, and smooth articular surface where two bones meet |
| fissure | A narrow, slit-like opening or cleft in a bone |
| fontanel | A "soft spot" in the skull of an infant, composed of fibrous membranes that allow for brain growth and skull flexibility during birth |
| foramen | A hole, opening, or perforation through a bone, usually allowing nerves or blood vessels to pass |
| fossa | A shallow, depressed, or hollow area on the surface of a bone |
| fovea | A small, shallow pit or depression, often acting as a site for ligament attachment |
| head | A rounded, expanded end of a long bone, supported by a neck |
| linea | A long, narrow ridge or mark on a bone, less prominent than a crest |
| meatus | A canal-like tube or passage leading into a bone |
| process | Any prominent, bony projection or outgrowth |
| ramus | A branch or arm-like projection of a bone |
| sinus | A hollow, air-filled cavity within a bone |
| suture | An immovable fibrous joint that connects the flat bones of the skull |
| trochanter | A very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process, found only on the femur |
| tubercle | A small, rounded projection or bump on a bone |
| tuberosity | A large, rough, or prominent elevation on a bone, usually serving as a muscle attachment site |
| marrow | Soft connective tissue filling the medullary cavity and spaces of spongy bone |
Created by:
alyssapatt10