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Unit 5 AP World 1
Unit 5 AP World
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Scientific Revolution | a new conception of the material world between the mid-sixteenth and early eighteenth centuries in Europe; instead of relying on the authority of religion or tradition, |
| Copernicus | Polish mathematician and astronomer who was the first to argue in 1543 for the existence of a sun-centered |
| Galileo | An Italian scientist who developed an improved telescope in 1609, with which he made many observations that undermined established understandings of the cosmos |
| Newton | English scientist whose formulation of the laws of motion and mechanics |
| European Enlightenment | applied the principles of the Scientific Revolution to human affairs and was noted for its commitment to open-mindedness and inquiry and the belief that knowledge could transform human society |
| Voltaire | a French writer whose work is often taken as a model of the Enlightenment’s outlook; noted for his deism and his criticism of traditional religion. |
| Condorcet | French philosopher who argued that society was moving into an era of near-infinite improbability and could be perfected by human reason. |
| American Revolution | Successful rebellion against British rule conducted by the European settlers in the thirteen colonies of British North America, starting in 1776; |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen | Charter of political liberties, drawn up by the French National Assembly in 1789, that proclaimed the equal rights of all male citizen; later became the preamble for the French constitution. |
| French Revolution | A massive movement of the French society that overthrew the monarchy , ended legal privileges for nobility, outlawed the Catholic Church . The Revolution had stages that became increasingly more violent and radical until Napoleon made it conservative. |
| Robespierre | Leader of the French Revolution during the Terror; his Committee of Public Safety executed tens of thousands of enemies of the revolution until he was arrested and guillotined |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | French head of state and general (r. 1799–1815); Napoleon preserved much of the French Revolution under a military dictatorship and was responsible for the spread of revolutionary ideals |
| Haitian Revolution | he only fully successful slave rebellion in world history; the uprising in the French Caribbean colony of Saint Domingue was sparked by the French Revolution and led to the establishment of an independent state after a long and bloody war |
| Latin American revolutions | Series of risings in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of Latin America (1808–1825) that established the independence of new states from European rule |
| Hidalgo-Morelos Rebellion | Socially radical peasant rebellion in Mexico (1810) led by the priests Miguel Hidalgo and José Morelos |
| Tupac Amaru | Leader of a Native American rebellion in Peru in the early 1780s, claiming the last Inca emperor as an ancestor. |
| Great Jamaica Revolt | Slave rebellion in the British West Indies inspired by the Haitian Revolution, in which around 60,000 slaves attacked several hundred plantations; the brutality of the British response helped sway the British public to support the abolition of slavery |
| Abolitionist Movement | An international movement that condemned slavery as morally repugnant and contributed much to ending slavery in the Western world during the nineteenth century; the movement was especially prominent in Britain and the United States |
| nationalism | The focusing of citizens’ loyalty on the nation that they are part of a “nation” with a unique culture, territory, and common experience, which merits an independent political life; |
| Vindication of the Rights of Women | The focusing of citizens’ loyalty on the notion that they are part of a “nation” with a unique culture, territory, and common experience, which merits an independent political life; |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Leading figure of the early women’s rights movement in the US. At the first Women’s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848, she drafted a statement paraphrasing the Declaration of Independence, stating that men and women were created equal |
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