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KIN 310
Lecture 2 Bioenergetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| _______________ is the total of all cellular reactions in the body | Metabolism |
| ___________ reactions release energy aka are (_____________) | Catabolic; exergonic |
| ____________ reactions consume energy aka are (____________) | Anabolic; endergonic |
| Catabolic and anabolic aka (metabolic) reactions tend to occur as ____________ __________ | Coupled reactions |
| Oxidation involves __________ electrons | Removing |
| Reduction involves _____________ electrons | Adding |
| What are the two important molecules in coupled reactions? | NAD and FAD |
| ____________ are catalysts that regulate the rate of reactions | Enzymes |
| Enzymes speed reactions up by __________ the __________ _________ | Lowering the activation energy |
| __________ ___________ is the minimum amount of energy required to activate reactants to a state where they can undergo a reaction | Activation Energy |
| The enzyme oxidase ________ __________ | Adds oxygen |
| The enzyme Kinase _______ ________ | Adds phosphate |
| The enzyme Dehydrogenase _________ _________ | Removes hydrogen |
| The enzyme ATPase ________ ___________ | Splits ATP |
| The enzyme Protease ________ ________ ____________ | Breaks down protein |
| The enzyme Lipase __________ _________ _____________ | Breaks down triglycerides |
| Enzymes are highly _________, very __________, and subject to a variety of __________ controls | specific, efficient, and cellular |
| What are the 4 factors that affect how an enzyme works? | Temperature, pH, concentration of enzyme, and concentration of the substrate |
| The optimal temperature range for an enzyme is _____ - ____ degrees C | 37-40 degrees C |
| As temperature increases until 37-40 degrees C enzyme function ___________ | Increases |
| Increase the concentration of enzymes will __________ reactions until... | Increase; point of saturation |
| _______________ is the process of converting foodstuff into a biologically usable form of energy | Bioenergetics |
| What are the two pathways that are "anaerobic" | ATP-PC system and Glycolysis |
| The ATP-PCR system occurs in the ____________________ | Sarcoplasm |
| The _______________ system is the simplest, most rapid method of creating ATP | ATP-PCR |
| PC reformation occurs _________ exercise | After |
| What is the equation for the ATP-PCR system? | PC + ADP = ATP + C |
| Glycolysis occurs in the _______________ | Sarcoplasm |
| What are the two phases of glycolysis? | Energy investment phase and energy generation phase |
| Glycolysis starts with _____________ or _______________ | Glucose or glycogen |
| The investment phase of glycolysis ends with ______ pyruvate molecules | 2 |
| During glycolysis you net ____ ATP | 2 |
| Glycolysis also produces 2 ____________ + ____ molecules | 2 NADH + H molecules |
| During the investment phase of glycolysis glucose is broken down into _________________ | Glucose-6-phosphate |
| ______________________ is the rate limiting enzyme for glycolysis | Phosphofructokinase |
| At the end of energy generation phase of glycolysis you end with 2 _____________, 2_____________, and 2___________+___ | 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH+H |
| __________________ is stored glucose | Glycogen |
| _____________________ is the creation of glycogen | Glycogenesis |
| Glycogenesis is stimulated by _________ | Insulin |
| __________________ is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose or glucose-6-phosphate | Glycogenolysis |
| Glycogeneolysis is stimulated by ___________, _________________, and _________________ | Glucagon, epinephrine, and norepinephrine |
| In the muscle glycogen is catabolized into __________________ | Glucose-6-phosphate |
| After glycolysis pyruvate accepts hydrogen atoms from NADH+H and makes _______________ | Lactate |
| Pyruvate can be turned into ___________ or ______________ | Lactate or acetyl-CoA |
| Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the ________________ | Mitochondria |
| Oxidative phosphorylation starts with _____________ | Acetyl-CoA |
| What are the two pathways oxidative phosphorylation involves? | Citric acid cycle and Electron transport chain |
| The Krebs cycle produces ___ CO2, ___NADH + H, ___ FADH, and __ ATP | 2 CO2, 3 NADH + H, 1 FAD, and 1 ATP |
| ___________ ______________ is the process of converting foodstuff into energy with the help of oxygen | Cellular Respiration |
| Cellular respiration produces ______ | CO2 |
| The Electron Transport Chain occurs in the _______ _____________ ______________ | Inner mitochondrial membrane |
| The Krebs cycle produces ____ ATP | 2 |
| The Electron Transport Chain produces ___ ATP | 28 |
| Oxidative phosphorylation produces ____ ATP | 30 |
| __________ is the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol + 3 fatty acid chains | Lipolysis |
| Lipolysis is catalyzed by _____________ | Lipases |
| Lypolysis is stimulated by 1) ____________, 2)_________________, 3)___________________, 4)_________________, 5)________________ | cortisol, growth hormone, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and glucagon |
| Glycerol can enter ______________ and or be converted to _______________ | glycolysis, glucose |
| Fatty acid chains undergo ____________________ to produce _________________ which is used in the krebs cycle | beta-oxydation, acetyl-CoA |
| Beta-oxydation occurs in the ____________________ | Mitochondria |
| Amino acids are broken down into ____________, ______________, and substrates in the ____________ ______________ | Pyruvate, Acetyl-CoA, krebs cycle |
Created by:
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