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Endocrine Vocab

QuestionAnswer
Pineal Gland A small gland in the brain that releases melatonin, which helps control sleep and wake cycles.
Hypothalamus A part of the brain that links the nervous system to the endocrine system and helps control hunger, thirst, body temperature, and hormones.
Pituitary Gland Known as the “master gland” because it controls many other endocrine glands and releases important hormones for growth and development.
Thyroid Gland A gland in the neck that controls metabolism, or how fast your body uses energy.
Thymus A gland that helps the immune system by maturing certain white blood cells, especially in childhood.
Adrenal Gland Glands on top of the kidneys that release hormones like adrenaline and cortisol to help the body respond to stress.
Pancreas A gland that helps control blood sugar by releasing insulin.
Ovary A female reproductive gland that produces eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
Testis A male reproductive gland that produces sperm and the hormone testosterone.
Hormone A chemical messenger that travels through the bloodstream to tell cells what to do.
Endocrine System A system of glands that release hormones to control growth, development, metabolism, and mood.
Gland An organ that makes and releases substances like hormones.
Receptor Cell A cell that has special proteins to receive and respond to a hormone.
Target Cell A cell that a hormone is meant to affect.
Estrogen A hormone that helps control female development and the menstrual cycle.
Progesterone A hormone that helps prepare and maintain pregnancy.
Testosterone A hormone that controls male development and muscle growth.
Insulin A hormone that helps move sugar from the blood into cells for energy.
Cortisol A stress hormone that helps regulate metabolism and the body’s response to stress.
Adrenaline A hormone that prepares the body for fight or flight by increasing heart rate and energy.
Vasopressin A hormone that helps control water balance in the body by reducing urine output.
Growth Hormone A hormone that stimulates growth, cell repair, and muscle development.
Positive Feedback Loop A process where a change causes more of the same change (example: oxytocin during childbirth).
Negative Feedback Loop A process where a change causes the body to reverse the change to stay balanced (most hormone systems).
Type 1 Diabetes A condition where the body does not make insulin because the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells.
Type 2 Diabetes A condition where the body does not use insulin properly, often linked to lifestyle and genetics.
Created by: user-1898305
 

 



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