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ACS and MI

QuestionAnswer
Umbrella term for unstable angina or acute MI. Caused by myocardial oxygen supply-demand imbalance.
Stable Angina Chest pain with exertion/stress, relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. Predictable pattern.
Unstable Angina Chest pain at rest or increasing severity/duration. Pre-infarction angina. Medical emergency.
Variant Angina Prinzmetal angina. Caused by coronary artery spasm, often at rest.
Myocardial Infarction Heart muscle necrosis from prolonged ischemia. Pain unrelieved by rest/NTG >15 min.
ACS Risk Factors HTN, hyperlipidemia, DM, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, stress, atherosclerosis.
MI Sx: Chest Pain Crushing, substernal pressure radiating to shoulder/jaw. Described as tight, squeezing.
MI Sx: Atypical Females/older adults: dyspnea, indigestion, fatigue, confusion. May lack classic pain.
Cardiac Enzymes: Troponin Most specific for MI. Rises in 3-4 hrs, peaks 24-36h, remains elevated 7-14 days.
Cardiac Enzymes: CK-MB Rises 4-6h, peaks 24h, returns to baseline in 72h. Specific to cardiac muscle.
Cardiac Enzymes: Myoglobin Earliest marker (1-3h), not cardiac-specific. Returns to normal in 24h.
ECG in Ischemia ST depression and/or T wave inversion indicates myocardial ischemia.
ECG in Injury ST segment elevation indicates myocardial injury (e.g., STEMI).
ECG in Infarction Pathologic Q waves develop, indicating necrosis. Permanent change.
Nitroglycerin Use SL tablet for angina. Up to 3 doses 5min apart. Causes headache (vasodilation).
MI Emergency Care Call 911, administer aspirin, O2, morphine, monitor VS/ECG, prep for reperfusion.
Reperfusion Therapy PCI (angioplasty/stent) or thrombolytics ("clot-busters") to restore coronary flow.
Post-MI Monitoring Continuous cardiac monitoring, assess for dysrhythmias, heart failure, cardiogenic shock.
MI Complications Dysrhythmias, HF, cardiogenic shock, pericarditis, ventricular rupture, death.
Cardiac Rehab Structured exercise, education, counseling post-MI to reduce risk, improve health.
Lifestyle Modifications Smoking cessation, heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, stress management, med adherence.
Created by: Wasurenboh
 

 



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