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Cell

TermDefinition
Cell Cell: The smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms, capable of independent life, reproduction, and metabolic processes.
Cytoplasm Cytoplasm: The entire contents within a cell enclosed by the cell membrane, excluding the nucleus in eukaryotes; it consists of cytosol, organelles, and inclusions.
Tissue Tissue: A group of many similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.
Osmosis Osmosis: A special type of passive transport involving the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.
Mitochondria Mitochondria: The "powerhouse" of the cell, generating energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
Organ Organ: An anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two or more tissue types that perform one or more specific physiological functions.
Cell Theory Cell Theory: The scientific theory stating that all living things are composed of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): A network of membranes involved in the production of proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER), as well as the transportation of molecules.
Organ System Organ System: A group of organs that work together to perform major functions or meet the physiological needs of the body.
Cell Wall Cell Wall: A rigid outer layer, composed primarily of cellulose, that provides structural support and protection in plant cells.
Endocytosis Endocytosis: A process where the cell membrane engulfs external materials, bringing them into the cell.
Cell Membrane Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane): A delicate, flexible, and selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell, controlling the entry and exit of substances.
Chloroplast Chloroplast: An organelle found in plant cells that is the site of photosynthesis.
Exocytosis Exocytosis: A process where materials are exported out of the cell via vesicles.
Nucleus Nucleus: The largest, double-membraned organelle in eukaryotic cells that acts as the control center, containing the cell's genetic material (DNA).
Lysosome Lysosome: An organelle containing digestive enzymes used to break down waste materials and cellular debris.
Organelle Organelle: Specialized, membrane-enclosed structures ("little organs") suspended in the cytoplasm, each performing unique functions to keep the cell healthy.
DNA DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): Genetic material found within the nucleus that contains the information necessary for cell function and heredity.
Ribosome Ribosome: The site of protein synthesis within the cell.
Passive Transport Passive Transport: The movement of substances across a cell membrane down their concentration gradient (from high to low concentration) without using energy.
Nucleic Acid Nucleic Acid: Complex organic molecules (DNA/RNA) found in the cytoplasm and nucleus that store and transmit genetic information.
Active Transport Active Transport: The movement of substances against a concentration gradient (low to high concentration), which requires energy (ATP).
Selectively Permeable Selectively Permeable: A property of the cell membrane that allows only certain substances to pass through while blocking others.
Diffusion Diffusion: The passive, random movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Golgi Apparatus a membrane-bound eukaryotic organelle composed of stacked, flattened pouches called cisternae
Created by: KingNugz
 

 



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