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History Ch. 13
Everything from the review sheet
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cartographer | mapmakers |
| Compass | magnetic needle floating in a bowl of water on a piece of cork (Made in China) |
| Latitude | used by sailors for calculating the distance from the Equator |
| Caravel | new versatile ship with large square sails; light and fast with high sides |
| Line of Demarcation | Spain got west of the line / Portugal got east of the line |
| Circumnavigate | to sail all the way around the world |
| Conquistador | Conquerors |
| Commercial Revolution | political, social, religious, and economic changes in Europe during the 15th + 16th centuries |
| Mercantilism | all wealth should benefit the mother country |
| Capitalism | all wealth should benefit the individuals |
| Companies | pooled resources of several people who then split the gain or loss |
| Joint-Stock Company | people investing money in companies and being issued stock certificates showing how much they invested |
| Capital | wealth owned by a person or organization whose purpose is starting or investing in a company |
| Dividends | payments based on the amount a person invested |
| Prospectus | details of a proposed business venture |
| Underwriter | an insurance company |
| Prester John | African Christian king that wanted to help Europeans stop the muslims |
| Prince Henry the Navigator | started a school for navigation on the coast of Portugal; greatest figure in the history of exploration despite never going on an expeditions |
| Bartolomeu Dias | rounded the tip of Africa |
| Vasco de Gama | first European to reach India by sailing around Africa |
| Ferdinand Magellan | set out to find a sea route westward to India and China; named the ocean he saw Pacific bc it was so peaceful; first to circumnavigate the earth |
| Vasco Núñez de Balboa | first European to see the Pacific Ocean |
| Hernando Cortes | thought to be the return of the Aztec god by King Montezuma |
| Francisco Pizarro | cruelest conquistador; wanted nothing but gold; marched with Balboa across the Panama; conquered Atahulapa |
| Atahualpa | Inca ruler captured by Pizarro |
| Bartolome de las Casas | Roman Catholic friar missionary to the Indians; helped pass the “New Laws”; didn’t force Catholicism but gave people the choice |
| Hernando de Soto | landed near Tampa Bay, Florida searching for golden cities |
| Francisco Vasquez de Coronado | led an expedition from Mexico into New Mexico, Arizona, Kansas, and Texas |
| Jacques Cartier | first great French explorer in the new World; named an Iroquois village Montreal |
| Samuel de Champlain | sailed up the St. Lawrence R. and founded Quebec |
| Jaques Marquette | explored the Mississippi R. and named the Mississippi Valley Louisiana after King Louis XIV |
| Louis Joliet | friend of Marquette that helped explore the Mississippi R. and name the Mississippi Valley Louisiana after King Louis XIV |
| Henry Hudson | explored the northeastern coast of America; founded New Amsterdam (NYC) |
| John Cabot | first English explorer; first European to set foot on North American mainland |
| John Smith | founded Jamestown |
| Pedro Cabral | travelled after de Gama to set up trading posts around India |
| Afonso de Albuquerque | governor (viceroy) of Portuguese holding in the East; help w/ the expansion of Portuguese holdings |
| Francis Xavier | Jesuit missionary to Japan |
| San Salvador | The land Columbus found on Oct. 12, 1492 |
| Jamestown | the first permanent English settlement in the New World |
Created by:
Adilyn33