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RAD 105 Exam 2
Part 3, terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Artifacts | Substances or structures not naturally present but of which an authentic image appears on an image |
| Axial Projection | Any projection not at right angles to the long axis of an anatomic structure |
| Empathy | Recognition of and entering into the feelings of another person |
| Flexion | Act of bending or condition of being bent |
| Plantar Surface | Sole of the foot |
| Rapport | Relation of harmony and accord between two persons |
| Asepsis | Freedom from infection |
| Fomite | An object such as a book, wooden object, or article of clothing that is not in itself harmful but is able to harbor pathogenic microorganisms and thus may serve as an agent of transmission of an infection |
| Iatrogenic | Resulting from the activities of physicians |
| Medical Asepsis | Reduction in numbers of infectious agents, which, in turn, decreases the probability of infection but does not necessarily reduce it to zero |
| Pathogens | Disease-producing microorganisms |
| Standard Precautions | Precautions to prevent the transmission of disease by body fluids and substances |
| Sterilization | Complete destruction or elimination of all living microorganisms accomplished by physical methods (dry or moist heat), chemical agents (ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, alcohol), radiation (ultraviolet, cathode), or mechanical methods (filtration) |
| Surgical Asepsis | Procedure used to prevent contamination by microbes and endospores before, during, or after surgery using sterile technique |
| Vector | A carrier, especially an animal (usually an arthropod), that transfers an infective agent from one host to another |
| Virion | Complete viral particle found extracellularly and capable of surviving in crystalline form and infecting a living cell; comprises the nucleoid (genetic material) and the capsid; also called a viral particle |
| Viruses | Any of a group of minute infectious agents not resolved in the light microscope, with certain exceptions (e.g., poxvirus), and characterized by a lack of independent metabolism as well as the ability to replicate only within living host cells |
| Aseptic | Describes a product or method that is free of microbiological organisms |
| Auscultation | Technical term for listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope; based on the Latin verb auscultare (“to listen”) |
| Atelectasis | Medical condition in which the lungs are not fully inflated |
| Central Venous Pressure (CVP) | Pressure of blood in the thoracic vena cava, near the right atrium of the heart; reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump the blood into the arterial system |
| Contaminated | Presence or the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item or surface |
| Foley Catheter | Indwelling catheter retained in the bladder by a balloon inflated with air or fluid |
| Isolette | Used as an incubator for premature infants; provides controlled temperature and humidity and an oxygen supply |
| Manual Resuscitator | (Proprietary name Ambu bag) is a hand-held device commonly used to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients who are not breathing or not breathing adequately |
| Pneumothorax | Accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathologic process or which may be introduced deliberately |
| Purulent | Consisting of or containing pus. The term purulent is often used with regard to drainage |
| Serous | Resembling serum, having a thin watery constitution; various bodily fluids that are typically pale yellow and transparent and of a benign nature that fill the inside of body cavities |
| Sterile | Aseptic; free of living microorganisms |
| Subungual | Beneath a fingernail or toenail |
| Tracheostomy | Surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck; also used to refer to the creation of an opening in the anterior trachea for insertion of a tube to relieve upper airway obstruction and to facilitate ventilation |
| Urinary Meatus | External urethral orifice; the opening of the urethra on the body surface through which urine is discharged |
| Voiding Cystourethrogram | Radiographic procedure obtained by the use of fluoroscopy and a contrast agent introduced through a catheter in the bladder; radiographic images are obtained before, during, and after voiding of the bladder, urethra, and kidneys |
| Autonomy | Person’s self-reliance, independence, liberty, rights, privacy, individual choice, freedom of the will, and self-contained ability to decide |
| Beneficence | Doing of good; active promotion of goodness, kindness, and charity |
| Ethics | Systematic study of rightness and wrongness of human conduct and character as known by natural reason |
| Fidelity | Strict observance of promises or duties; loyalty and faithfulness to others |
| Justice | Equitable, fair, or just conduct in dealing with others |
| Moral Principles | General, universal guides to action that are derived from so-called basic moral truths that should be respected unless a morally compelling reason exists not to do so; also referred to as ethical principles |
| Moral Rules | Statements of right conduct governing individual actions |
| Morals | Generally accepted customs, principles, or habits of right living and conduct in a society and the individual’s practice in relation to these |
| Norms | Standards set by individuals or groups of individuals |
| Principlism | Belief system based on a set of moral principles that are embedded in a common morality |
| Rights | Justified claims that an individual can make on individuals, groups, or society; divided into legal rights and moral rights |
| Rules of Ethics | ARRT’s mandatory standards of minimally acceptable professional conduct. These are enforceable and can result in sanctions should the ARRT determine the certificate holder has violated any of the rules. |
| Social Contract | Relationship that exists when two mutually dependent groups in a society recognize certain expectations of each other and conduct their affairs accordingly |
| Standards of Professional Conduct | Practice behaviors that are defined by members of a profession |
| Values | Ideals and customs of a society toward which the members of a group have an affective regard; a value may be a quality desirable as an end in itself |
| Veracity | Duty to tell the truth and avoid deception |
| Virtues | Traits of character that are socially valued, such as courage |
| Assault | Any willful attempt or threat to inflict injury on the person of another, when coupled with the apparent present ability to do so, and any intentional display of force such as would give the victim reason to fear or expect immediate bodily harm |
| Battery | Any unlawful touching of another that is without justification or excuse |
| Fraud | Intentional perversion of truth for the purpose of inducing a person to rely on the false information to their detriment |
| Implied Consent | Person’s agreement to allow something to happen which is not expressly given but rather inferred from a person’s actions or inactions |
| Informed Consent | Person’s agreement to allow something to happen (such as surgery) that is based on a full disclosure of the facts needed to make the decision intelligently |
| Negligence | Failure to do something that a reasonable person guided by the ordinary considerations that ordinarily regulate human affairs would do or the doing of something a reasonable and prudent person would not do |
| Res Ipsa Loquitur | legal theory requiring three elements(1) that the type of injury did not occur except for negligence, (2) that the activity was under the complete control of the defendant, and (3) that the plaintiff did not contribute to their own injury in any way |
| Respondeat Superior | Meaning let the superior respond or the master speaks for the servant; the physician, supervisor, or employer may be liable in certain cases for the wrongful acts of employees or subordinates |
| Standard of Care | Degree of skill (proficiency), knowledge, and care ordinarily possessed and employed by members in good standing within the profession |
| Tort | Private or civil wrong or injury, other than breach of contract, for which the court provides a remedy in the form of an action for damages |
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