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science
Electricity and magnetism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Electrostatic force | The force that attracts, or repels particles |
| Coulomb’s law (give all 3 parts) | Charged particles exert forces on each other |
| Like charges repel opposite charges attract The greater the distance between charges, the less force the will exert on each other attract | |
| Electric field | A field that surrounds every electric charge |
| Electric field lines point in the direction that . . . | A positive charge will move in the presence of an electric field |
| electricity | What occurs when electrons flow through a material |
| conductor | A substance that can conduct electricity |
| examples of conductors | Metals like copper and aluminum |
| insulator | Cannot conduct electricity |
| examples of insulators | Wood, glass, or wool |
| resistivity | The inverse of conductivity |
| semiconductors | Is able to conduct electricity, but a certain amount is needed |
| superconductors | Conductors with zero resistivity |
| critical temperature | When a temperature drops below a critical value. |
| Static electricity | excess charged particles on a surface |
| friction | Occurs when two objects are rubbed against each other |
| induction | When a charged object is near, but not touching an insulator |
| conduction | When two objects one charged and one neutral are touching one another |
| current electricity | The flow of the electrons |
| current | The flow rate of electrons |
| amperes | The measurement for current electricity |
| resistance (R) | How difficult it is for electrons to move through a circuit |
| voltage (V) | The force that moves electrons through a circuit |
| Ohm’s Law states that . . . | Resistance is equal to the voltage divided by the current |
| Formula for Ohm’s Law | Voltage = current x resistance V=IR |
| circuit | The path that electricity flow through |
| batteries | Commonly used energy sources |
| loads | A resistor |
| Simple series circuit | All current is the same through each part or load |
| Circuit diagram | A diagram representing a circuit |
| Formula for total resistance in series circuit | Req = R1 + R2 + R3 |
| How does a switch work? | Used to open or close a circuit |
| Parallel circuit | A circuit that has more than one path for the electricity to flow |
| Formula for total resistance in parallel circuit | 1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 |
| magnet | A metallic substance capable of attracting certain metals |
| Magnetic field | Invisible lines of force between the two poles of a magnet |
| Magnetic field lines always point . . . | From the North pole to the South pole |
| compass | A device that contains a magnet that always points North |
| Bar magnet | A manmade magnet |
| What happens when you break a magnet? | You create two new magnets |
| Ways to de-magnetize a magnet | Breaking the magnet, or heating it up |
| electromagnet | A device that becomes magnetic when electricity flows through it |
| Parts of an electromagnet | A battery wire and a nail |
| Simple (or electric) motor | Spins an object using magnetism |
| Horseshoe magnet | A magnet shaped like a horseshoe |
| armature | A cylinder of iron |
| rotor | The spinning part of a motor |
| stator | The not spinning part of the motor |
| Electric generator | A device that uses electromagnetic induction to create electricity |
| Alternating current (AC) | When the current changes direction |
| Direct current (DC) | A current that flows in only one direction |
Created by:
user-2023619