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Electricity/magnets
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Electrostatic force | The electro force between two charged particals is described by coulombs law which is expressed mathmatically in the electrostatic force equation. |
| Coulomb’s law (give all 3 parts) | Charged particals exert forces on each other. Like charges repel, oppisite charges attract. The greater the distance between charges the less force they will exert on each other. |
| Electric field | Surrounds every electric charge. |
| Electric field lines point in the direction that . . . | A positive charge would move in the presence of an elecric field. |
| electricity | When electrons flow through a material. |
| conductor | Free electrons that can easily move about in the material. |
| examples of conductors | Copper and aluminium |
| insulator | No free electrons available to transfer current. |
| examples of insulators | Nonmetals, diamond, wood, glass, rubber, porcelain, dry air, and most plastics and oxides. |
| resistivity | A measure of how much material opposes the flow of electric current. |
| semiconductors | Materials with few electrons with which to conduct electricity, however if enough energy is provided electrons can be freed and allowed to flow. |
| superconductors | Conductive materials whose the resistivity abruptly decreases to zero as the temperature decreases below a critical value. |
| critical temperature | Resistivity abruptly decreases to zero as the temperature decreases below a critical value. |
| Static electricity friction | A result of excess positive or negative charges on an objects surface. |
| friction | Some elctrons are help more loosley than others in an atom. |
| induction | A charged object is brought near to, but not touching an insulator. |
| conduction | A charged object is brought near to, but not touching an insulator. |
| current electricity | The flow rate of water in a pipe might be given in units of gallons per minute. In an electrical circuit electrons flow through the circuit like water flows through a pipe. |
| current | Is the flow rate of electrons through a circut and is measured in amperes. |
| amperes | What current is measured by. |
| resistance (R) | Is the measure of how difficult it is to move electrons through a circut. |
| voltage (V) | The force that moves electrons through a circut and is measured in volts. |
| Ohm’s Law states that . . . | Resistance is is equal to the voltage divided by the current. |
| Formula for Ohm’s Law | Rise over run = voltage over current = resistance |
| circuit | The path through which the electricity is conducted is called a circuit. |
| batteries | A commonly used voltage source. |
| loads | Devices such as radios and televisions. |
| Simple series circuit | All current is the same through each part or load. |
| Circuit diagram | The symbols from figure 9.12 to represent the series circuit as a circuit diagram. |
| Formula for total resistance in series circuit | Req = R1 + R2 + R3 |
| How does a switch work? | It's used to open and close the circuit. |
| Parallel circuit | Has more than one path for the electricity to flow. |
| Formula for total resistance in parallel circuit | 1/Req = 1/ R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 |
| magnet | A metallic substance capable of attracting iron and certain other metals. |
| Magnetic field | Two invisible lines of force around the magnet between the two poles. |
| Magnetic field lines always point . . . | south |
| compass | A small thin magnet mounted on a pivot point. |
| Bar magnet | A man made magnet. |
| What happens when you break a magnet? | You create two new magnets |
| Ways to demagnetize a magnet | You keep spliting it in half until it gets to small to hold a magnetic field. |
| electromagnet | A device that becomes magnetic when electricty flows through it. |
| Parts of an electromagnet | Electricity and magnesium |
| Simple (or electric) motor | Most important types of motors. |
| Horseshoe magnet | A perminant magnet |
| armature | A cylinder of iron. |
| rotor | The spinning electromagnet part of the motor. |
| stator | The stationary perminent magnet of the motor. |
| Electric generator | Devices that use electromagnetic induction to create electricity. |
| Alternating current (AC) | When coil switches from the north pole to the south pole and changes the direction of the current |
| Direct current (DC) | Current produced by a battery. |
Created by:
user-2023635