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Science Review sheet

QuestionAnswer
Temperature A measure of the average kinetic energy (speed) of the particles (atoms or molecules) in a substance.
Thermometer An instrument used to measure the temperature of a substance, usually in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Thermal energy The total kinetic energy of all the particles within a substance. It depends on the amount of substance present (mass).
Heat The transfer of energy (thermal energy) from a warmer object to a cooler object due to a temperature differenc
Conduction The transfer of heat through direct contact between particles, most common in solids.
Convection The transfer of heat by the actual movement of warmed fluid (liquid or gas) masses, where warmer, less dense material rises and cooler, denser material sinks.
Radiation The transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves.
Solid A state of matter with a definite shape and volume, where particles are packed tightly and only vibrate in place.
Liquid A state of matter with a definite volume but no definite shape, taking the shape of its container; particles are close but can move past each other.
Gas A state of matter with no definite shape or volume, expanding to fill its container; particles move freely at high speeds.
Melting The endothermic process of changing a solid into a liquid.
Freezing The exothermic process of changing a liquid into a solid.
Evaporation The endothermic process of changing a liquid into a gas, usually at the surface.
Boiling The rapid vaporization of a liquid, occurring when the liquid's vapor pressure equals the external pressure.
Condensation The exothermic process of changing a gas into a liquid:
Endothermic A process or reaction that absorbs thermal energy from its surroundings, causing it to feel cold.
Exothermic A process or reaction that releases thermal energy into its surroundings, causing it to feel warm.
Created by: user-1878403
 

 



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