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CELL
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | Cell biology, cellular biology, or cytology, is the branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of the cell |
| Osmosis | Osmosis provides the primary means by which water is transported into and out of cells |
| Cell Theory | Cell theory is a scientific theory first formulated in the mid-nineteenth century, that living organisms are made up of cells. |
| Cell Wall | A cell wall is a structural layer that surrounds some cell types, found immediately outside the cell membrane |
| Cell Membrane | The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of a cell, being selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules. |
| Nucleus | The cell nucleus (from Latin nucleus or nuculeus 'kernel, seed'; pl. : nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells |
| Organelle | An organelle is a specialized subunit, within a biological cell, that has a specific functio |
| Ribosome | ) is a ribonucleoprotein particle found in all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, responsible for the synthesis ... |
| Nucleic Acid | Nucleic acids are chemical compounds that are found in nature. They carry information in cells and make up genetic material. |
| Selectively Permeable | Biological membranes are selectively permeable, with the passage of molecules controlled by facilitated diffusion, passive transport or active transport |
| Cytoplasm | The cytoplasm is all the material within a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, including the organelles and excluding the nucleus in |
| Mitochondria | A mitochondrion ( pl. mitochondria) is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a part of a transportation system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding. |
| Golgi Apparatus | a membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells, acting as the cell's "post office" or manufacturing center |
| Chloroplast | a specialized organelle in plant and algal cells that performs photosynthesis, using chlorophyll to capture sunlight and convert it into chemical energy (sugars) from carbon dioxide and water, releasing oxygen as a byproduct |
| Lysosome | a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that acts as the digestive system, containing hydrolytic enzymes to break down waste materials, foreign invaders, and old cell parts. |
| DNA | a molecule found in all living cells that contains the genetic instructions for development, functioning, growth, and reproductio |
| Passive Transport | the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a high concentration area to a low concentration area, without requiring cellular energy |
| Active Transport | the energy-dependent process by which cells move ions or molecules across a membrane against a concentration gradient—from areas of lower to higher concentration |
| Diffusion | the net movement of particles (atoms, ions, or molecules) from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration |
| Tissue | a group of similar cells, along with their extracellular matrix, that are organized to work together to perform a specific, specialized function in multicellular organisms. |
| Organ | a specialized structure composed of different tissues that work together to perform specific functions within a multicellular organism, |
| Organ System | a specialized, functional group of organs and tissues working together to perform complex tasks, maintain homeostasis, and support the survival of a multicellular organism |
| Endocytosis | an active transport mechanism where a cell engulfs extracellular materials—such as nutrients, fluids, or pathogens—by wrapping its plasma membrane around them to form an internal, membrane |
| Exocytosis | an active transport process where cells expel materials—such as neurotransmitters, hormones, or waste—by fusing intracellular vesicles with the plasma membrane |
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