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Cell Vocabulary
.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell | cell theory, structure, and function |
| Osmosis | the spontaneous passive transport of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water potential (lower solute concentration) to a lower water potential |
| Cell Theory | a cornerstone of modern biology that explains the relationship between cells and living things |
| Cell Wall | a rigid, semi-permeable structural layer situated outside the cell membrane of certain cells |
| Cell Membrane | a thin, flexible layer that surrounds every living cell |
| Nucleus | the central, dense core of an atom (containing protons and neutrons) or the control center of a eukaryotic cell (containing DNA/chromosomes), regulating its activities and heredity |
| Organelle | a specialized, sub-cellular structure that performs specific jobs to keep a cell functioning properly |
| Ribosome | essential molecular machines, found in all living cells, that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into chains of amino acids |
| Nucleic Acid | essential macromolecules that store and express genetic information, directing protein synthesis and cellular activities |
| Selectively Permeable | a biological or synthetic barrier that allows specific molecules and ions to pass through while blocking others |
| Cytoplasm | gelatinous, jelly-like substance that fills the interior of a cell, enclosed by the cell membrane |
| Mitochondria | specialized organelles found in most eukaryotic cells that generate over 90% of the body's energy in the form of |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | a continuous, membrane-enclosed network of sacs and tubes in eukaryotic cells that functions as a manufacturing, packaging, and transportation system |
| Golgi Apparatus | a eukaryotic organelle composed of stacked, membrane-bound cisternae that functions as the cell's "post office" |
| Chloroplast | a specialized organelle found in plant and algal cells that serves as the primary site for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy |
| Lysosome | a membrane-bound organelle found in the cytosol of nearly all animal cells |
| DNA | the molecule carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms |
| Passive Transport | energy-independent movement of substances across cell membranes along a concentration gradient (high to low concentration) |
| Active Transport | the energy-dependent process of moving molecules or ions across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient |
| Diffusion | the natural, passive movement of particles (atoms, molecules, ions) from a high-concentration area to a low-concentration area, spreading out until evenly distributed, driven by random thermal motion and requiring no external energy |
| Tissue | organized groups of similar cells and extracellular matrix, derived from the same embryonic origin, that work together to perform specific functions in multicellular organisms |
| Organ | a structure composed of different tissues working together to perform specific functions |
| Organ System | Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, and Reproductive |
| Endocytosis | an active transport process where cells engulf extracellular materials—fluids, nutrients, or pathogens—by wrapping the plasma membrane around them to form an internal vesicle |
| Exocytosis | an active transport process where cells engulf extracellular materials—fluids, nutrients, or pathogens—by wrapping the plasma membrane around them to form an internal vesicle |
Created by:
user-2020276