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cell vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane |
| Osmosis | A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one |
| Cell Theory System | a foundational biological principle stating that all living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the basic structural and functional unit of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells |
| Cell Wall Endocytosis | an active, energy-dependent process where the plasma membrane invaginates and pinches off, allowing eukaryotic cells to internalize extracellular fluid, solutes, and macromolecules into vesicles |
| Cell Membrane Exocytosis | an active transport process where cells transport molecules (proteins, neurotransmitters, waste) out of the cytoplasm by fusing membrane-bound vesicles with the plasma membrane |
| Nucleus | the membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that acts as the command center, storing genetic material (DNA) and regulating cellular activities like growth and metabolism |
| Organelle | Any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell. |
| Ribosome | A minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. |
| Nucleic Acid | essential macromolecules composed of nucleotide chains that store, transmit, and express genetic information in all living organisms and viruses |
| Selectively Permeable | a biological or synthetic barrier that allows specific molecules and ions to pass through while blocking others |
| Cytoplasm | The material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. |
| Mitochondria | An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | a continuous, membrane-enclosed network of sacs and tubes in eukaryotic cells that functions as a manufacturing, packaging, and transportation system |
| Golgi Apparatus | a cell organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum into vesicles for transport to their final destinations within or outside the cell |
| Chloroplast | (in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place. |
| Lysosome | an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane |
| DNA | the hereditary material in humans and other organisms that carries genetic instructions for development, functioning, growth, and reproduction |
| Passive Transport | energy-independent movement of substances across cell membranes along a concentration gradient (high to low concentration) |
| Active Transport | the energy-dependent process of moving molecules or ions across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient |
| Diffusion | The spreading of something more widely. |
| Tissue | Any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products. |
| Organ | A part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function, such as the heart or liver in humans. |
| Organ System | a group of related organs that work together to perform complex, specific functions for an organism |
| Endocytosis | The taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole. |
| Exocytosis | A process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane. |
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Drake_