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RAD 110 Exam 2
Part 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Endochondral ossification | produces short, irregular, and long bones |
| Primary Endochondral Ossification | forms long central shaft (diaphysis) in long bones |
| Secondary Endochondral Ossification | Epiphyseal plate eventually forms Epiphyseal line forms when they completely join |
| Secondary Endochondral Ossification | separate bones develop at both ends of long bones, ends are called epiphyses |
| Synarthroses | immovable |
| Amphiarthroses | slightly movable |
| Diarthroses | freely movable |
| Fibrous Joints | Do not have a joint cavity or cartilage |
| Syndesmosis | Slightly movable fibrous joint united by fibrous sheets. Example: inferior tibiofibular joint |
| Cartilaginous Joints | Do not have a joint cavity, but do have cartilage |
| Symphysis | Slightly movable cartilaginous joint separated by a pad of fibrocartilage designed for strength and shock absorbency |
| Synchondrosis | Immovable cartilaginous joint united by rigid hyaline cartilage |
| Example of Symphysis joint | pubic symphysis, intervertebral joints |
| Example of Synchondrosis joint | epiphyseal plate |
| Gliding Joint | Uniaxial: glide in one axis |
| Hinge Joint | Uniaxial movement: flexion & extension |
| Pivot Joint | Uniaxial movement: Rotates around an axis |
| Ellipsoid Joint | Biaxial movement: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction |
| Saddle Joint | allows biaxial movement |
| Ball-and-Socket Joint | Permits widest range of motion |
| Ball-and-Socket Joint example | Hip and shoulder |
| Saddle Joint examples | 1st carpometacarpal joint (thumb joint) |
| Ellipsoid Joint examples | Radiocarpal (wrist) joint and Metatarsophalangeal |
| Pivot Joint examples | atlantoaxial joint (C1-C2 joint) and radioulnar (both distal and proximal) |
| Hinge Joint examples | Elbow, Knee, Interphalangeal and Tibiotalar |
| Gliding Joint examples | intercarpal, Intertarsal, proximal tib/fib, and zygapophyseal joints |
| ___________are more sensitive to scatter radiation. | Digital IR's |
| Digital Imaging Technique | The use of a grid and collimation are more critical |
| Higher kVp & Lower mAs | Lowers patient dose! |
| Contrast resolution in film is primarily controlled by? | kVp |
| Contrast resolution in Digital is primarily controlled by? | Bit Depth, LookUp Table, and Window Width |
| Brightness in film is primarily controlled by? | mAs |
| Brightness in digital is primarily controlled by? | Automatic rescaling, Window level, and Brightness of monitor |
| What is the purpose of calipers | To measure the thickness of the patient part |
| In radiographic imaging, penumbra is best described as | The unsharpness at the edges of structures caused by factors altering the geometry of the beam |
| What is the primary purpose of a compensating filter in radiographic imaging? | To prevent overexposure of thinner or less dense anatomy |
| Select all that are required on an x-ray | Date of exam, Anatomical marker, Patient name (or ID number), and Name of imaging facility |
| If OID decreases, then spatial resolution _____________ because magnification ______________. | increases; decreases |
| Film | Can never be a direct radiography system |
| Digital | Can have images that display quantum mottle |
| If the mAs is too low in a digital image, what will you see? | A grainy image with appropriate bightness |
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