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Micro Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are your Lentiviruses? | FIV, EIA, MVV, CAEV |
| What are your FIV signs? | Acute: lymphadenopathy, stomatitis, GI, fever, leth Subclinical: no signs Clinical: Various |
| What is FIV's transmission? | Bite wound->Binds to CD134+CXCR4 on CD4+ T lymphocytes |
| How do you diagnose FIV? | Lymphopenia on CBC, ELISA+ FA. P24 capsid and p15 matrix |
| How do you treat FIV? | Supportive+ antimicrobials |
| What are your EIA signs? | Acute: high fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, edema, PETECHIAL HEMORRHAGE, epistaxis, death Chronic: Reccuring dz, active replication |
| What is EIA's transmission? | Blood feeding insects or fomites infect monocytes and macrophages -> pro-inflamm cytokines and immune mediated destruction. |
| How do you diagnose EIA? | Coggins, P26 capsid |
| How do you treat EIA? | Euthanasia |
| What are your MVV signs? | Lymphoproliferative lesions in lung, mammary glands, synovial membrane and/or brain |
| What is MVV's transmission? | Pulmonary exudate infect WBC in sheep-> lymphoproliferative lesions |
| How do you diagnose MVV? | ELISA, IFA, IHC, AGID, PCR, and histo |
| How do you treat MVV? | Supportive or cull |
| What are your CAEV signs? | Arthitis, pneumonia, mastitis, WL, CNS in young |
| What is CAEV's transmission? | Colostrum or milk, infects monocytes/macrophages -> lymphoproliferative lesions |
| How do you diagnose CAEV? | ELISA, IFA, IHC, AGID, PCR, and histo |
| How do you treat CAEV? | Supportive or cull |
| What are your lentivirus characteristics? | Enveloped (env gene), ssRNA, capsid (gag gene), enzymes (pol gene). Reverse transcriptase. Slow and progressive dz -> immunodeficiency |
| What are your oncogenic retroviruses? | FELV, ALV, BLV, JSRV |
| What are your FELV signs? | Fever, diarrhea, leukopenia, enlarged LN, leukemia/lymphoma. Abortive- eliminates virus, Regressive- aviremia, latency. Progressive- persistent viremia, cancer, immunosuppresion |
| What is FELV's transmission? | ONLY [A] TYPE transmitted by saliva via grooming or bite. Replicates in lymph tissue -> primary viremia -> latent secondary viremia in epithelial cells -> replicate/shed. |
| How does FELV cause cancer? | Insertion of genome near proto-oncogene -> lymphoma Recombination w/ proto oncogene -> feline sarcoma virus |
| How do you diagnose FELV? | ELISA/FA for P27 capsid |
| How do you treat FELV? | Supportive + antimicrobials. Chemo for poss cancers that can arrise |
| What are your ALV signs? | Pale wattles, enlarged bursa/liver, decreased egg production, osteopetrosis. Diffuse nodular tumors |
| What is ALV's transmission? | Horizontal- saliva/feces (close contact). Vertical- Via albumin/ yolk -> remain viremic for life, some young can become latent. |
| How does ALV cause cancer? | Proviral insertion into B cells -> clonal malignancy of B cells |
| How do you diagnose ALV? | Gp85 envelope + P27 capsid |
| How do you treat ALV? | Cull |
| What are your BLV signs? | Enlarged LN, GI, anorexia w/ persistent lymphocytosis. Small amount develop lymphosarcoma |
| What is BLV's transmission? | Horizontal- transfer of blood w/ infected lymphocytes. Vertical- transplacental or colostrum. Infection of B cells -> persistent lymphocytosis. |
| How does BLV cause cancer? | Transformation of B cells into lymphosarcoma. (Tax gene) |
| How do you diagnose BLV? | Gp51 envelope+ P24 capsid |
| How do you treat BLV? | Cull |
| What are your JSRV(OPA) signs? | Adenocarcinoma in lungs and LN. Frothy nasal exudate and mouth breathing |
| What is JSRV(OPA)'s transmission? | Inhalation of aerosolized resp secretions. Infect lung epithelial cells -> cellular transformation -> increased pulmonary fluid -> asphyxiation and death |
| How does JSRV(OPA) cause cancer? | Changes epithelial cells in lung |
| How do you diagnose JSRV(OPA)? | Clin signs and histo of tumor |
| How do you treat JSRV(OPA)? | Cull |
| What are you oncogenic retrovirus characteristics? | Enveloped (env gene), +ssRNA, capsid (gag gene), enzymes (pol gene). Reverse transcriptase. Induce tumors after long latency and immunosupression. |
| What are your Avian influenza signs? | LPAI- few, HPAI- severe, fatal affecting organs. In cow, drop in milk production |
| What is Avian influenza's transmission? | Fecal- oral. LPAI- rep in resp/intestine, single basic cleave. HPAI- multibasic cleave |
| How do you diagnose Avian influenza? | rt-PCR (detect viral M gene) |
| How do you treat Avian influenza? | Cull and Vacc |
| What are your Swine influenza signs? | Huddling, resp distress w/ paroxysmal cough/nasal discharge |
| What is Swine influenza's transmission? | Resp spread w/ epithelial necrosis |
| How do you diagnose Swine influenza? | Nasal swab +PCR |
| How do you treat Swine influenza? | Cull and Vacc |
| What are your Equine influenza signs? | Nasal discharge, fever, paroxysmal cough, anorexia and leth |
| What is Equine influenza's transmission? | Resp spread, secondary bacterial infection |
| How do you diagnose Equine influenza? | PCR nasopharyngeal lavage |
| How do you treat Equine influenza? | Self-limiting 2-3 weeks + Vacc |
| Canine influenza clin signs? | Nasal discharge, cough, fever |
| Canine influenza's transmission? | H3N8, H3N2, resp spread |
| Dx Canine influenza? | PCR nasal swab |
| TX Canine influenza? | Symptomatically |
| What are your orthomyxovirus characteristics? | 8 segments, -ssRNA, subtypes based on hemagglutinin and neurominadase. Aquatic bird natural reservoir. HA0 cleavage site -> host membrane fusion. |
| What are the orthomyxovirus? | Avian, swine, equine and canine influenza |
| What are your paramyxoviruses? | Distemper, PI3/BRSV, and Newcastle (FAD) |
| Distemper clin signs? | Grand mal seizures, UMN/GP, mucopurulent discharge, dry cough, interstitial lung pattern (early) or alveaolar w/ bronchopneumonia (late). Abortion, enamel hypoplasia, cadriomyopathy, hypertrophic keratosis. Old dog encephalitis |
| Distemper's transmission? | Aerosol, fecal-oral, fomites Infect resp epithelium, replicate in macrophages -> 1st viremia: lymphatic (fever and lymphopenia) -> 2nd viremia: GI -> CNS penetration |
| Dx distemper? | PCR! Blood sooner, conjuncitval swab later |
| Tx Distemper? | Supportive, neurological not reversable, euth |
| Bov Parainfluenza virus (PI3) & resp syncytial viruses (BRSV) clin signs? | dyspnea, coughing, discharge, pneumonia, some subclinical |
| PI3 & BRSV transmission | Environmental conditions & stress. Infect epithelial cells |
| Dx PI3 & BRSV? | Severe cranioventral pneumonia, firm on necropsy. Histopath- syncytial formation in Ty 2 pneumocytes |
| Tx PI3 & BRSV? | Cull and clean |
| Newcastle clin signs? | Acute resp dz, CNS and diarrhea |
| Newcastle transmission? | Virulent- VELOGENIC! Mesogenic. Low virulence- lentogenic |
| Dx Newcastle | Necropsy-Petechiae, hemorrhagic/necrosis, thymic edema, congestion + mucoid exudate. PCR |
| Tx Newcastle | Cull |
| Paramyxovirus characteristics | Enveloped -ssRNA, non segmented. F, H/N or G proteins. |
| What are your Lyssavirus? | Rabies |
| Lyssavirus characteristics | Linear -ssRNA, bullet shaped on electron microscopy. G proteins attach to Ach for viral entry. |
| Rabies clin signs? | Prodoromal-ataxia, stargazing. Furious- Hydrophobia/Photophobia. Hyperexcitability, aggression. Dumb- salivation, weakness, difficultiy swallowing All forms lead to obtundation, coma and death |
| Rabies transmission? | Bite: retrograde travel along peripheral nerves to CNS |
| Dx Rabies | FA of midbrain/cerebellum |
| What are your Rhabdovirus? | Vesicular Stomatitis |
| Vesicular Stomatitis clin signs? | LOOKS LIKE FMD, vesicular lesions in tounge and along coronary band. |
| Vesicular Stomatitis transmission | Direct contact, cullicoides or black sand flies, fomites. |
| Dx Vesicular Stomatitis | Serology |
| Tx Vesicular Stomatitis | Recover in 2 wks. |
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